Figure 2. Upregulation of SALL4 by hypomethylating agents.

(A) SALL4 expression levels in cancer cell lines with either high- (>75%) and low- (<25%) CpG methylation at exon 1, data generated from CCLE database. (B) SALL4 expression levels in primary tumors from lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and gastric adenocarcinoma with either high- (>75%) and low- (<25%) CpG methylation at exon 1, data generated from TCGA database. (C) Fold change of SALL4 expression measured by real-time PCR from patients’ bone marrow mononuclear cells after six cycles of 5-Aza treatment (C7D1/C1D1), GAPDH was used for a normalization control. (D) RNA-seq data of H1299 cells after treatment of 1 μM 5-Aza or DMSO, data generated from GSE5816. (E) mRNA and (F) protein levels of SALL4 in H1299 cells after 5 days treatment of DMSO or DAC. (G) Map of CpG islands tested within the first exon of SALL4 locus. (H) Methylation levels of CpG islands within the first exon of SALL4 genome in H1299 cells after indicated treatment. *P<0.05, ***P<0.001, N=3.