Table 2 -.

Sample Characteristics of Formerly Homeless Veterans in HUD-VASH

	Mean or % (n = 711)
Veteran demographic characteristics
Age at move-in, years (SD)	52.9 (13.9)
Gender
Male	89.9
Female	10.1
Race/ethnicity, %
Non-Hispanic White	31.4
Non-Hispanic Black	44.5
Hispanic	20.5
Other1	3.6
Marital Status, %
Never married	36.3
Currently partnered/married	9.5
Previously married	54.2
Children in custody, %
No custody	10.5
Yes custody	11.7
No children	77.9
Level of healthcare need2, %
Low	41.6
Moderate	20.8
High	37.7
Homelessness characteristics
Homeless duration at HUD-VASH program entry, %
Not chronically homeless (< 1 year)	36.2
Chronically homeless (1+ year)	63.8
Prior VASH exit in same fiscal year, %
No	91.7
Yes	8.3
VHA health service utilization during year following housing placement
Emergency Department high utilization3, %	12.4
Primary care visits, counts (SD)	6.2 (7.7)
Outpatient mental health visits, count (SD)	25.7 (23.5)
Residential neighborhood4 characteristics
% Veterans, mean (SD)	6.4 (10.3)
% Poverty, mean (SD)	25.5 (12.8)
% Unemployed, mean (SD)	12.0 (5.4)
% Property vacancies, mean (SD)	7.0 (4.2)
% Households using public transportation5, mean (SD)	17.4 (26.4)
Social Vulnerability Index – neighborhood socioeconomic index, mean6 (SD)	0.70 (0.23)

Notes:

^1.Other race/ethnicity includes American Indian/Alaskan Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander

^2.Based on the following cut-offs of VA’s Nosos Score: low: <1; moderate: 1 to <2; high: 2+

^3.Emergency department high-utilization defined as having 4+ emergency department/urgent care visits in a yea

^4.Neighborhood is defined as the census tract

^5.Public transportation includes bus or train

^6.Percentile