Table 2.

Ultrasound signs for reversible causes

	View	Arrest signs	Peri-Arrest signs
Cardiac Tamponade	Subxiphoid View Apical 4 chambers Subcostal IVC Parasternal Long View*	Pericardial effusion Plethoric IVC	Pericardial effusion Plethoric IVC Systolic collapse of the right atrium Collapse of the right ventricle in diastole
Hypovolemia	Subxiphoid View Apical 4 chambers Subcostal IVC Parasternal views*	Obliteration of ventricles Inferior vena cava diameter < 2 cm	Hyperdynamic Obliteration of ventricles Kiss sign "Empty tank" inferior vena cava (IVC diameter < 2 cm collapse > 50% during inspiration)
Pulmonary Embolism	Subxiphoid View Apical 4 chambers Subcostal IVC Parasternal views* Lower limb compression ultrasound*	Right heart thrombus Right ventricular dilation D sign of left ventricle Deep vein thrombosis	Pulmonary Hypertension Deep vein thrombosis Paradoxical septal systolic movement Septal flattening in diastole McConnell sign D sign of left ventricle
Tension pneumothorax	4th–5th intercostal space with midclavicular line	Absence lung sliding (during artificial ventilation) Stratosphere /barcode sign	Absence lung sliding Stratosphere /barcode sign Absence B lines Absence pulmonary pulse Lung point

*Optional