Table 3.

The pharmacokinetic and drug-likeness properties of selected phytoconstituents

Parameters	Compound names
	Native Ligand	Apigenin	Betulin	Ferulic acid	Genkwanin	Isovitexin	p-coumaric acid	Protocatechuic acid	Saponarin	Swertiamarin	Syringic acid	Vanillic acid	Verticilliside
Pharmacokinetics
GI absorption	Low	High	Low	High	High	Low	High	High	Low	Low	High	High	Low
BBB permeation	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No
P-gp substrate	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
CYP1A2 inhibitor	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
CYP2C19 inhibitor	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
CYP2C9 inhibitor	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
CYP2D6 inhibitor	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
CYP3A4 inhibitor	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Log Kp (skin permeation, cm/s)	− 6.59	− 5.80	− 3.12	− 6.41	− 5.66	− 8.79	− 6.26	− 6.42	− 11.06	− 10.00	− 6.77	− 6.31	− 9.40
Drug-likeness
Ghose	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Egan	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Muegge	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No
Bioavailability Score	0.55	0.55	0.55	0.85	0.55	0.55	0.85	0.56	0.17	0.11	0.56	0.85	0.17