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. 2021 Dec 2;11:23275. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02809-8

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Subgroup analyses: interaction between pulse pressure and each covariate for the progression of CKD. Adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals associated with pulse pressure quartile for the progression of CKD were obtained by adding interaction terms to Cox’s proportional hazards models, controlling for sex, age, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, obesity, current smoking and drinking alcohol, hemoglobin, and baseline eGFR and proteinuria. P for interaction was obtained by adding interaction terms to the models. Boxes and vertical lines represent hazard ratios and 95% confident intervals, respectively.