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. 2021 Dec 2;11:23295. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02490-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Phylogenetic systematics of Tethysahdros insularis showing the biogeographic position of each taxon in the Phylogeny of Hadrosauriformes (a). An evolutionary phenogram (b) fitting the best OU model (see “Materials and methods”) for the evolution of body size in Ornithischia is also included, highlighting the body-size optima characterizing non-hadrosaurid hadrosauroids (orange), including Tethyshadros (red silhouette) and Hadrosauridae (blue). Symbols and abbreviations: θ, optimal body-size; Ma, Mega-annum (million years ago). While data on the y-axis are log scaled, bracketed values represent their equivalent in kg. Silhouette credits: Tethyshadros—Marco Muscioni (CC-BY 4.0); Iguanodon, Ouranosaurus, Stegosaurus, Triceratops—Scott Hartman/Phylopic (CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0); Staurikosaurus—Bruno Navarro/Phylopic (CC-BY-NC 3.0); Homalocephale—Michael B. H. (vectorized by T. Michael Keesey)/Phylopic (CC BY 3.0); Zalmoxes—Scott Hartman/Phylopic (CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0); Edmontosaurus—Matt Dempsey/Phylopic (CC-BY 3.0).