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. 2021 Nov 19;12:728567. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.728567

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Copyright © 2021 Gholami, Wimmer, Sansaloni, Petroli, Hearne, Covarrubias-Pazaran, Rensing, Heise, Pérez-Rodríguez, Dreisigacker, Crossa and Martini.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Breeding progress in important traits in German Holsteins, measured as yearly mean EBVs of bulls, weighted by the number of inseminations with their semen. The label “RZ” denotes that all breeding values are standardized to a genetic standard deviation of 12, and a mean of 100 in the female base population (year of birth 2014–2016), all breeding values are expressed such that more positive values are more desirable from the breeder's perspective. RZG, total merit index; RZM, milk production index; RZS, somatic cell score; RZN, longevity; RZR, fertility index; RZKm, index of maternal calving traits; RZhealth, health trait index; RZcalfhealth, calf survival. *Year 2020: incomplete data. Slightly modified from IT Solutions for Animal Production (vit - IT Solutions for Animal Production, 2021).