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. 2021 Nov 19;12:781378. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.781378

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Copyright © 2021 Yang, Pang, Li, Chen and Wang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Immunotherapies of periodontitis. The above is a detailed classification of periodontitis immunotherapy, including drug therapy, microbial therapy, stem cell therapy, gene therapy, and other therapies. They are followed by more detailed classifications. PDLSCs, periodontal ligament stem cells; GMSCs, gingival mesenchymal stem cells; MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells; PT, periodontal therapy; PDT, photodynamic therapy; ICG, indocyanine green; PTT, photothermal therapy; MB-PDT, methylene blue-mediated photodynamic therapy; LIPUS, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound.