Table 2.
Mean differences (B [95% CI]) in kidney damage indices among the quartiles of fasting glucagon in all T2DM patients
| Model | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P value for trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fasting glucagon, pg/mL | 25.0–108.2 | 108.3–125.5 | 125.6–141.7 | 141.8–209.3 | - |
| Number | 609 | 602 | 613 | 612 | - |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 104.27±23.58 | 102.91±25.68 | 99.96±24.85 | 96.30±23.64 | <0.001 |
| Model 0 | 0–reference | –1.359 (–4.114 to –1.397) | –4.310 (–7.053 to –1.567) | –7.968 (–10.71 to –5.224) | <0.001 |
| Model 1 | 0–reference | –2.340 (–4.703 to –0.006) | –3.871 (–6.193 to –1.549) | –7.618 (–9.947 to –5.289) | <0.001 |
| Model 2 | 0–reference | –1.245 (–3.527 to 1.036) | –2.133 (–4.424 to 0.158) | –5.204 (–7.517 to –2.891) | <0.001 |
| Model 3 | 0–reference | –1.167 (–3.435 to 1.101) | –1.984 (–4.259 to 0.290) | –5.087 (–7.383 to –2.790) | <0.001 |
| Log10UACR, mg/g | 1.365±0.424 | 1.401±0.442 | 1.443±0.435 | 1.545±0.445 | <0.001 |
| Model 0 | 0–reference | 0.035 (–0.014 to 0.085) | 0.078 (0.029 to 0.127) | 0.180 (0.131 to 0.229) | <0.001 |
| Model 1 | 0–reference | 0.037 (–0.010 to 0.083) | 0.076 (0.030 to 0.123) | 0.174 (0.127 to 0.220) | <0.001 |
| Model 2 | 0–reference | 0.023 (–0.024 to 0.070) | 0.065 (0.018 to 0.112) | 0.125 (0.078 to 0.173) | <0.001 |
| Model 3 | 0–reference | 0.021 (–0.026 to 0.068) | 0.063 (0.016 to 0.110) | 0.124 (0.076 to 0.171) | <0.001 |
Values are presented as range, number, mean±standard deviation, or mean difference (95% confidence interval).
Model 0: crude; Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, diabetic duration, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, statins medication, and hypertension; Model 2: additionally adjusted for lipid profiles, serum uric acid, serum albumin, hemoglobin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance using C-peptide, area under the C-peptide curve, area under the glucose curve, postchallenge 2-hour glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin; Model 3: additionally adjusted for glucose-lowering therapies.
CI, confidence interval; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; UACR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio.