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. 2021 Jun 25;45(6):840–852. doi: 10.4093/dmj.2020.0291

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

Endocrine actions of brown adipose tissue (BAT)-derived factors. Brown/beige adipocytes secrete various molecules, some of which such as nerve growth factor (NGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) function as paracrine factors, while others as endocrine factors, acting on the liver and skeletal muscle, thereby regulating systemic metabolism. 12,13-diHOME, 12,13-dihydroxyoctadecaenoic acid; FA, fatty acid; FGF21, fibroblast growth factor 21; IL-6, interleukin-6; miR, microRNA; NRG4, neuregulin 4.