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. 2021 Nov 19;11:739144. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.739144

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Copyright © 2021 Lai, Chen, Lin, Lin, Lin, Chen and Kuo

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Operation time change after cases accumulation. (A) Following case accumulations over the past decade, various minimal access breast surgeries decreased operation time gradually. (B) The operation time of unilateral nipple sparing mastectomy with immediate gel implant breast reconstruction for conventional NSM (C-NSM), endoscopic assisted NSM (E-NSM), and robotic assisted NSM (R-NSM). The operation of each procedure performed was plotted in a timeline sequence, and all the operation time of three different types of NSM decreased and gradually merged together. C, C-NSM; E, E-NEM; R, R-NSM.