Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Nov 19;11:739144. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.739144

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2021 Lai, Chen, Lin, Lin, Lin, Chen and Kuo

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Cost analysis of various nipple sparing mastectomy (NSM) and immediate prothesis implant breast reconstruction (IPBR). With the introduction of two-dimensional endoscopic assisted NSM (2D E-NSM) retraction-type technique, the cost increased slightly from 6,182 [conventional NSM (C-NSM)] to 6,664 USD (about 500 USD more). Shift to robotic assisted NSM (R-NSM) dramatically increased medical cost to 10,672 USD (about 4,000 USD more). Inspired from R-NSM, we started the single-port 3D endoscopic assisted NSM (E-NSM) program in August 2018, and quickly this procedure became popular due to balanced clinical outcome and medical cost (7,760 USD), in which nearly 3,000 USD could be saved when compared with R-NSM. Following the advances of various minimal access breast surgeries, the overall cost also increased parallelly. R-NSM almost doubled the cost of C-NSM, and by adopting 3D E-NSM, the cost decreased near 3,000 USD without compromising the cosmetic result.