Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients.
| Characteristics | Training dataset | Test dataset | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MVI-positive (n=48) | MVI-negative (n=62) | p value | MVI-positive (n=20) | MVI-negative (n=27) | p value | |
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 61.2 ± 8.8 | 65.6 ± 8.5 | 0.008 | 56.0 ± 12.6 | 57.5 ± 8.8 | 0.616 |
| Sex | 0.413 | 0.706 | ||||
| male | 27 (56.3) | 30 (48.4) | 10 (50) | 15 (55.6) | ||
| female | 21(43.7) | 32 (41.6) | 10 (50) | 12(44.4) | ||
| HBV infection | 0.682 | 0.209 | ||||
| Present | 10 (20.8) | 11 (17.7) | 6 (30.0) | 4 (14.8) | ||
| absent | 38 (79.2) | 51(82.3) | 14 (70.0) | 23 (85.2) | ||
| PLT, 109/L, mean ± SD | 202.3 ± 56.6 | 173.5 ± 70.2 | 0.023 | 243.8 ± 116 | 203.1 ± 68.8 | 0.173 |
| Alb, g/L, median (IQR) | 40.7 (37.1-43.2) | 40.0 (36.6-42.7) | 0.341 | 40.4 (35.6-43.6) | 42.1 (37.8-44.0) | 0.890 |
| TBIL, μmol/L, median (IQR) | 13.9 (10.4-23.3) | 13.8 (10.6-18.4) | 0.109 | 11.7 (8.7-17.8) | 11.1 (9.2-13.2) | 0.309 |
| DBIL, μmol/L, median (IQR) | 3.0 (2.2-4.9) | 2.9 (2.3-4.0) | 0.091 | 2.4 (2.0-5.8) | 2.3 (2-2.9) | 0.258 |
| ALT, U/L, median (IQR) | 27.5 (19.3-48) | 23 (15.8-31.3) | 0.159 | 27 (16.5-52.5) | 21 (14-36) | 0.477 |
| AST, U/L, median (IQR) | 31.5 (21.3-48.8) | 28 (22-35.6) | 0.223 | 27 (22.3-47.3) | 27 (20-34) | 0.406 |
| ALP, U/L, median (IQR) | 118.5 (90-225.5) | 95.5 (76.8-140.8) | 0.202 | 141.5 (106.3-315.0) | 134 (111-145) | 0.152 |
| GGT, U/L, median (IQR) | 81.5 (42.3-179) | 46 (31.8-76.3) | 0.099 | 71.5 (55.8-200.8) | 83 (44-208) | 0.801 |
| PT, mean ± SD | 13.0 ± 1.0 | 13.3 ± 1.0 | 0.119 | 13.0 ± 1.5 | 13.1 ± 1.1 | 0.959 |
| INR, mean ± SD | 1.0 ± 0.10 | 1.0 ± 0.09 | 0.603 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.481 |
| CEA> 5 ug/L | 15 (31.3) | 17 (27.4) | 0.661 | 9 (45.0) | 7 (25.9) | 0.172 |
| CA-199>37 ug/L | 32 (66.7) | 32 (51.6) | 0.112 | 17 (85.0) | 12 (44.5) | 0.005 |
| Tumor size | 5.9 ± 2.6 | 4.4 ± 2.1 | 0.002 | 6.4 ± 2.1 | 4.6 ± 2.0 | 0.004 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 10 (20.8) | 9 (14.5) | 0.385 | 2 (10.0) | 5 (18.5) | 0.417 |
| No. of segments involved | 0.005 | 0.009 | ||||
| Single | 26 (54.2) | 50 (80.6) | 9 (45.0) | 22 (81.5) | ||
| Two or more | 22 (45.8) | 12 (19.4) | 11 (55.0) | 5 (18.5) | ||
| Satellite nodules | 20 (41.7) | 3 (4.8) | <0.001 | 7 (35.0) | 5 (18.5) | 0.200 |
| lymph node metastasis | 27 (56.3) | 8 (12.9) | <0.001 | 13 (65.0) | 11 (40.7) | 0.100 |
| Intrahepatic duct dilatation | 14 (29.2) | 16 (25.8) | 0.695 | 8 (40.0) | 7 (25.9) | 0.306 |
| Tumor contour | <0.001 | 0.002 | ||||
| Well-defined | 21 (43.8) | 52 (83.9) | 5 (25.0) | 19 (70.4) | ||
| Blurry/infiltrative | 27 (56.2) | 10 (16.1) | 15 (75.0) | 8 (29.6) | ||
| Arterial rim- enhancement | 13 (27.1) | 27 (43.5) | 0.075 | 6 (30.0) | 9 (33.3) | 0.808 |
| Arterial hypo-enhancement | 34 (70.8) | 28 (45.2) | 0.007 | 14 (70.0) | 17 (63.0) | 0.615 |
| Intratumor vascularity | 27 (56.3) | 34 (54.8) | 0.883 | 5 (25.0) | 5 (18.5) | 0.591 |
| Hepatic capsular retraction | 11 (22.9) | 14 (22.6) | 0.967 | 2 (10.0) | 6 (22.2) | 0.270 |
MVI, microvascular invasion; HBV, hepatitis B virus; PLT, platelets; Alb, albumin; TBIL, total bilirubin; DBIL, direct bilirubin; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate transaminase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; GGT, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; PT, prothrombin time; INR, international normalized ratio; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; CA-199, cancer antigen 19-9; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range.