Table 2.
Mean scores (standard deviation) for demographic and clinical variables across clusters
| Clusters | Statistics | Post-hoc | Cohen's da | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C1 Preserved (n = 68) | C2 Selectively impaired (n = 66) | C3 Globally impaired (n = 40) | F or χ2 | p | C1 v. C2 | C1 v. C3 | C2 v. C3 | C1 v. C2 | C1 v. C3 | C2 v. C3 | |
| Age (years) | 52.16 (8.62) | 54.97 (6.22) | 51.95 (7.97) | 2.94 | 0.056 | 0.104 | 1.0 | 0.150 | 0.37 | 0.03 | 0.42 |
| Sex, female n (%) | 49 (72.1) | 40 (60.6) | 33 (82.5) | 5.9 | 0.052 | 0.16 | 0.22 | 0.018 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.23 |
| Educational level (years) | 10.5 (3.36) | 9.97 (3.29) | 8.05 (2.03) | 8.29 | <0.001b | 0.96 | <0.001b | 0.006 | 0.16 | 0.88 | 0.7 |
| Estimated IQ, T-score | 51.68 (8.27) | 49.52 (7.49) | 43.3 (3.67) | 17.63 | <0.001b | 0.246 | <0.001b | <0.001b | 0.27 | 1.31 | 1.05 |
| Age at illness onset (years) | 42.13 (12.12) | 42.17 (9.76) | 38.8 (12.23) | 1.35 | 0.262 | 1.0 | 0.423 | 0.418 | 0.00 | 0.27 | 0.30 |
| Number of episodes, n | 2.19 (1.42) | 2.41 (1.2) | 2.43 (1.47) | 0.57 | 0.566 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.01 |
| Illness duration (months) | 127.3 (122.07) | 171.68 (110.38) | 171.63 (145.52) | 2.67 | 0.073 | 0.118 | 0.221 | 1.0 | 0.38 | 0.33 | 0.00 |
| HDRS-17, total score | 17.15 (6.03) | 19.33 (6.56) | 23.25 (4.9) | 12.99 | <0.001b | 0.110 | <0.001b | 0.004 | 0.35 | 1.11 | 0.68 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | 20 (29.4) | 21 (31.8) | 18 (45.0) | 0.294 | 0.230 | 0.762 | 0.101 | 0.173 | 0.03 | 0.16 | 0.13 |
| Anxiety disorders, n (%) | 3 (4.4) | 6 (9.1) | 6 (15.0) | 0.361 | 0.164 | 0.279 | 0.055 | 0.352 | 0.09 | 0.19 | 0.09 |
| Dysthymia, n (%) | 17 (25.0) | 17 (25.8) | 12 (30.0) | 0.349 | 0.840 | 0.920 | 0.571 | 0.635 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| MSM, resistant n (%) | 0 (0) | 66 (100) | 23 (58) | 134.9 | <0.001b | <0.001b | <0.001b | <0.001b | 1.0 | 0.68 | 0.56 |
| FAST, total score | 36.49 (13.39) | 42.68 (14.19) | 47.93 (13.48) | 9.17 | <0.001b | 0.03 | <0.001b | 0.176 | 0.45 | 0.85 | 0.38 |
| Current medication, n (%) | 18.98 | <0.001b | <0.001b | 0.01 | 0.482 | 0.38 | 0.29 | 0.07 | |||
| AD | 30 (44.1) | 7 (10.6) | 8 (20) | ||||||||
| AD + BZD | 22 (32.4) | 22 (33.3) | 11 (27.5) | ||||||||
| AD + Others | 14 (20.6) | 37 (56.1) | 20 (50) | ||||||||
| Medication-free | 2 (2.9) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.5) | ||||||||
IQ, intelligence quotient; HDRS, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; MSM, Maudsley Staging Method; FAST, Functional Assessment Short Test; AD, antidepressant; BZD, benzodiazepines; others, antipsychotics; lithium or anticonvulsants.
a
Cramer's V for categorical variables.
b
Analysis of variance or χ2 tests statistically significant after applying Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (p < 0.004).