Table 2.
Laboratory findings of survivor and non-survivor COVID-19 patients at ICU admission
| Total (N = 49) | COVID-19 patients | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-survivors (N = 35) | Survivors (N = 14) | |||
| Tissue and endothelial damage/activation | ||||
| Syndecan-1 (ng/mL) | 880.3 (504.0–1387.9) (49) | 1031.4 (669.7–1901.7) (35) | 504.0 (316.0–819.8) (14) | 0.002 |
| Thrombomodulin (ng/mL) | 4175.0 (3604.3–5550.9) (49) | 4534.0 (3722.5–5858.4) (35) | 3780.0 (3326.9–4514.3) (14) | 0.070 |
| Inflammation | ||||
| IL-1β (pg/mL)↑ | 15.8% (3/19) | 15.4% (2/13) | 16.7% (1/6) | 1.000 |
| IL-2R (U/mL) | 1065.5 (493.8–1536) (20) | 1284.0 (670.0–1981.0) (13) | 1052.0 (359.0–1111.0) (7) | 0.183 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 97.7 (12.6–179.0) (25) | 139.3 (66.2–294.8) (16) | 12.2 (6.1–33.8) (9) | < 0.001 |
| IL-8 (pg/mL) | 51.7 (12.1–93.3) (19) | 79.3 (42.5–163.0) (13) | 15.7 (9.4–23.4) (6) | 0.005 |
| IL-10 (pg/mL) | 9.2 (2.5–20.7) (19) | 16.5 (2.5–31.6) (13) | 4.3 (2.5–14.8) (6) | 0.179 |
| TNFα (pg/mL) | 9.5 (6.2–24.0) (17) | 14.5 (2.1–30.5) (11) | 7.6 (6.2–9.5) (6) | 0.494 |
| Hematologic | ||||
| White blood cell count (× 109/L) | 10.9 (7.6–17.7) (46) | 12.2 (7.9–18.7) (34) | 9.5 (6.7–11.1) (12) | 0.133 |
| Neutrophil count (× 109/L) | 8.8 (6.1–16.5) (45) | 11.3 (6.8–17.8) (34) | 6.7 (5.1–8.7) (11) | 0.039 |
| Lymphocyte count (× 109/L) | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) (47) | 0.5 (0.3–0.7) (34) | 1.0 (0.5–1.7) (13) | 0.012 |
| Red blood cell count (× 1012/L)↓ | 0.0% (0/46) | 0.0% (0/34) | 0.0% (0/12) | NA |
| Hemoglobin (g/L)↓ | 0.0% (0/47) | 0.0% (0/34) | 0.0% (0/13) | NA |
| Hematocrit (%)↓ | 0.0% (0/46) | 0.0% (0/34) | 0.0% (0/12) | NA |
| Platelet count (× 109/L) | 112.5 (55.5–213.5) (46) | 75.5 (43.3–141.5) (34) | 238.5 (148.8–349.8) (12) | < 0.001 |
| Biochemical | ||||
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 9.9 (7.2–12.6) (45) | 10.9 (8.4–14.5) (33) | 7.8 (6.2–10.3) (12) | 0.057 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.1 (2.4–3.5) (46) | 2.8 (2.3–3.5) (34) | 3.3 (3.1–5.0) (12) | 0.027 |
| HsCRP (mg/L) | 79.4 (49.0–186.9) (35) | 126.9 (61.9–205.1) (25) | 31.6 (7.2–76.6) (10) | < 0.001 |
| High-sensitive cardiac troponin I (pg/mL)↑ | 68.9% (31/45) | 75.0% (24/32) | 53.8% (7/13) | 0.301 |
| Myoglobin (ng/mL)↑ | 48.9% (22/45) | 59.4% (19/32) | 23.1% (3/13) | 0.027 |
| AST (U/L)↑ | 40.0% (18/45) | 41.2% (14/34) | 36.4% (4/11) | 1.000 |
| LDH (U/L)↑ | 93.6% (44/47) | 97.1% (33/34) | 84.6% (11/13) | 0.181 |
| CK (U/L)↑ | 38.1% (8/21) | 44.4% (8/18) | 0.0% (0/3) | 0.409 |
| CK-MB (ng/mL)↑ | 28.9% (13/45) | 37.5% (12/32) | 7.7% (1/13) | 0.102 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL)↑ | 84.1% (37/44) | 87.1% (27/31) | 76.9% (10/13) | 0.696 |
| Ferritin (μg/L)↑ | 90.9% (10/11) | 100.0% (6/6) | 80.0% (4/5) | 0.455 |
| Coagulation | ||||
| Prothrombin time (second) | 15.9 (14.9–18.7) (45) | 17.3 (15.7–21.0) (33) | 14.2 (13.6–15.7) (12) | < 0.001 |
| Prothrombin activity (%) | 68.5 (51.8–78.0) (44) | 59.0 (44.0–71.0) (33) | 88.0 (71.0–95.0) (11) | < 0.001 |
| INR (ratio) | 1.3 (1.2–1.6) (44) | 1.4 (1.2–1.8) (33) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) (11) | < 0.001 |
| Fibrinogen (g/L) | 3.9 (3.2–5.3) (45) | 3.6 (2.8–5.5) (33) | 4.5 (3.6–5.3) (12) | 0.495 |
| APTT (second) | 42.6 (38.0–51.9) (45) | 42.6 (38.5–54.4) (33) | 41.6 (36.5–45.8) (12) | 0.303 |
| Thrombin time (second) | 15.5 (14.7–16.8) (45) | 15.5 (14.8–17.5) (33) | 15.4 (14.6–16.0) (12) | 0.470 |
| D-dimer (μg/mL FEU) | 7.1 (2.5–18.6) (44) | 13.5 (3.9–21.0) (33) | 2.4 (1.2–3.7) (11) | 0.002 |
| Fibrinogen degradation products (μg/mL) | 54.7 (13.7–110.9) (19) | 56.7 (17.0–150.0) (15) | 8.0 (4.0–44.3) (4) | 0.027 |
| Antithrombin (%) | 82.0 (69.0–90.0) (23) | 82.0 (66.5–87.0) (17) | 86.5 (70.8–96.5) (6) | 0.392 |
| Other | ||||
| Procalcitonin (ng/mL) | 0.34 (0.10–1.32) (22) | 0.52 (0.28–3.12) (13) | 0.12 (0.07–0.30) (9) | 0.006 |
| ESR (mm/H)↑ | 88.9% (8/9) | 75.0% (3/4) | 100.0% (5/5) | 0.444 |
| aPLs positive | 50.0% (3/6) | 50.0% (2/4) | 50.0% (1/2) | 1.000 |
Bold values indicate statistical significance
Data are presented as median (Q1–Q3) (N) or % (n/N)
COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; AST, aspartate transaminase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; CK, creatine kinase; CK-MB, creatine kinase-myoglobin band; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; INR, international normalized ratio; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; aPLs, antiphospholipid antibodies