Table 1.
Characteristics of the included autopsied diabetic cases at the last health examination within 6 years before death according to the urinary albumin-creatinine ratio levels
| Variables | Urinary albumin-creatinine ratio, mg/g |
P for trend | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <30.0 |
30.0–299.9 |
≥300.0 |
||
| n = 41 | n = 45 | n = 20 | ||
| Age at the last health examination, yr | 75 (9) | 77 (9) | 78 (10) | 0.17 |
| Age at death, yr | 78 (9) | 80 (9) | 81 (10) | 0.19 |
| Duration from the last health examination to death, yr | 3.2 (1.4) | 3.4 (1.6) | 2.9 (1.6) | 0.68 |
| Male, % | 41.5 | 35.6 | 65.0 | 0.17 |
| Hemoglobin A1c, % | 6.5 (1.1) | 6.7 (1.7) | 6.9 (1.2) | 0.28 |
| Duration of diabetes mellitus ≥5 yr, % | 63.4 | 71.1 | 90.0 | 0.04 |
| Use of diabetic medication, % | 68.3 | 55.6 | 65.0 | 0.60 |
| Use of oral hypoglycemic agent, % | 56.1 | 51.1 | 50.0 | 0.61 |
| Use of insulin, % | 17.1 | 4.4 | 25.0 | 0.76 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 133 (16) | 142 (22) | 150 (20) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 76 (11) | 78 (10) | 80 (13) | 0.19 |
| Hypertension, % | 70.7 | 84.4 | 80.0 | 0.27 |
| Use of hypertensive medication, % | 56.1 | 64.0 | 70.0 | 0.24 |
| Use of ARB/ACE-I, % | 39.0 | 44.4 | 55.0 | 0.25 |
| Serum total cholesterol, mmol/l | 4.97 (0.93) | 4.71 (0.98) | 4.71 (1.09) | 0.28 |
| Hypercholesterolemia, % | 39.0 | 33.3 | 65.0 | 0.12 |
| Use of lipid-modifying medication, % | 26.9 | 24.4 | 45.0 | 0.23 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.0 (4.0) | 23.6 (3.3) | 23.5 (4.1) | 0.57 |
| eGFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 65.6 (13.9) | 60.7 (16.0) | 54.0 (17.4) | 0.007 |
| Current and former smoker, % | 51.2 | 60.0 | 50.0 | 0.90 |
| Current smoker, % | 9.8 | 15.6 | 10.0 | — |
| Former smoker, % | 41.5 | 44.4 | 40.0 | — |
ACE-I, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.
Data are illustrated as the mean values (SD) or percentages.