Table 1.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria using the Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation and Research Type (SPIDER) framework

	Inclusion	Exclusion
Sample (S)	Papers including patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) aged 18 years or older in a palliative care trajectory, including advanced, late-stage and end-stage COPD and do-not-resuscitate or comfort-measures-only orders. Papers including relatives of COPD patients in need of palliative care. Papers including healthcare professionals (HCPs) caring for COPD patients in a palliative care trajectory. Studies will be included regardless of reasons for or length of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) treatment.	Papers including patients younger than 18 years and all patients who are not in a palliative care trajectory. Papers including relatives of patients who are not in a palliative care trajectory. Papers including HCPs caring for patients who are not in a palliative care trajectory. Papers including patients without a COPD diagnosis.
Phenomenon of Interest (PI)	Studies related to NIV treatment, including mask, intermittent positive-pressure ventilation, bilevel positive airway pressure and continuous positive airway pressure, in all healthcare settings and in all phases of the palliative care trajectory. Studies will be included if the COPD patients have been treated with NIV in palliative care, regardless of the reasons for or length of NIV treatment.	Use of NIV with a curative intention. Studies exploring other respiratory interventions or treatment exercises and studies focusing on other palliative measures. Studies including diseases other than COPD.
Design (D)	Studies with qualitative, quantitative or mixed-methods designs.
Evaluation (E)	Perspectives and experiences of COPD patients, relatives and HCPs regarding NIV in palliative care.	Studies exploring the experiences and perspectives of students. Studies investigating patients’, relatives’ or HCPs’ experiences of specific interventions or treatments.
Research type (R)	All research types of studies published in German, Spanish, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian or English.	Case studies, case–control studies, reviews of any type, clinical guidelines and master’s and PhD theses. Grey literature, such as conference proceedings and abstracts, letters, comments, editorials and non-peer-reviewed articles.