Table 1. Properties of the 15 insecticides studied, including mode of action (MoA), registration criteria, SSD parameters (ln Mean, ln SD, and data number n), HC5 (with 90% confidence intervals), and HC50 (with 90% confidence intervals).
| Insecticides | MoAa) | Registration criteria (µg/L) | Arthropods | HC5 (µg/L) | HC50 (µg/L) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ln Mean | ln SD | n | |||||
| Methomyl | 1A | 1.5 | 4.47 | 2.08 | 18 | 2.7 (0.61–7.7) | 88 (39–200) |
| Acephate | 1B | 5500 | 11.10 | 1.52 | 11 | 5000 (920–14000) | 66000 (29000–150000) |
| Trichlorfon | 1B | 0.11 | 3.96 | 1.96 | 17 | 2.0 (0.35–6) | 53 (22–130) |
| Malathion | 1B | 0.3 | 2.92 | 2.65 | 31 | 0.23 (0.052–0.68) | 19 (8.2–42) |
| Methidathion | 1B | 0.11 | 4.03 | 1.96 | 9 | 2.0 (0.15–8.1) | 56 (17–190) |
| Flupyradifurone | 4D | 6.1 | 6.88 | 3.39 | 5 | 2.3 (0.00062–61) | 970 (38–25000) |
| Fenbutathin-oxide | 12B | 0.2 | 10.53 | 3.13 | 6 | 160 (0.35–2400) | 37000 (2800–490000) |
| BPPS | 12C | 1.3 | 8.50 | 2.95 | 8 | 31 (0.4–290) | 4900 (680–35000) |
| Chlorfenapyr | 13 | 0.7 | 1.96 | 1.15 | 8 | 0.99 (0.18–2.4) | 7.1 (3.3–15) |
| Bensultap | 14 | 20 | 6.05 | 2.81 | 7 | 3.2 (0.03–32) | 420 (53–3300) |
| Amitraz | 19 | 26 | 7.90 | 1.83 | 8 | 120 (8–470) | 2700 (800–9200) |
| Tolfenpyrad | 21 | 0.099 | 1.47 | 1.85 | 5 | 0.16 (0.0019–0.96) | 4.3 (0.75–25) |
| Indoxacarb | 22 | 60 | 4.94 | 1.56 | 6 | 9.1 (0.43–36) | 140 (39–500) |
| Spiromesifen | 23 | 9.2 | 5.22 | 0.71 | 5 | 52 (9.4–100) | 180 (94–360) |
| Cyenopyrafen | 25 | 0.29 | 3.93 | 1.77 | 5 | 2.2 (0.03–12) | 51 (9.4–270) |
a) IRAC20); 1A, 1B: acetylcholinesterase inhibitors; 4D: nicotinic acetylcholine receptor competitive modulators; 12B, 12C: inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase; 13: uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient; 14: nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers; 19: octopamine receptor agonists; 21: mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors; 22: voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers; 23: inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase; 25: mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors.