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Concentration–response curves reveal different efficacies and potencies for bivalent ligands. (A) miniGq, (B) β-arrestin-1, (C) β-arrestin-2, (D) GRK2, (E) GRK3, and (F) GRK5. Concentration–response curves were obtained from time-resolved experiments. Values represent the mean ± SEM of at least nine replicates measured in at least three independent experiments.
