Table 1.

The inducers and inhibitors of ferroptosis

	Reagents	Target/Funtion	Mechamism	Reference
Inducers	Erastin	System xc-	prevents cystine import, causes GSH depletion	[1]
	IKE	System xc-	prevents cystine import, causes GSH depletion	[97]
	Glutamate	System xc-	high extracellular glutamate leads to prevent cystine import, causes GSH depletion	[98]
	IFNG/IFNγ	System xc-	Down-regulates the expression of SLC3A2 and SLC7A11, two subunits of system xc-	[76]
	Sorafenib	System xc-	Inhibits system xc- in a non-enzymatic target-dependent manner	[99]
	Sulfasalazine	System xc-	Inhibition of nuclear factor κB signaling pathway; inhibition of xc-transporter	[99]
	FIN56	GPX4	Cause GPX4 depletion	[100]
	FINO2	GPX4	Inactive GPX4 and oxidizes iron	[101]
	Altretamine	GPX4	Inhibits GPX4 activity, causes ROS accumulation	[102]
	JKE-1674/1716	GPX4	Inhibits GPX4 activity, causes ROS accumulation	[103]
	ML162	GPX4	Inhibits GPX4 activity, causes ROS accumulation	[28]
	ML210	GPX4	Inhibits GPX4 activity, causes ROS accumulation	[104]
	RSL3	GPX4	Inhibits GPX4 activity, causes ROS accumulation	[28]
	Artemisinin	Organic peroxides	ROS manufacturing, disruption of antioxidant defenses by downregulates of GPX4 and GSH causes an imbalance in intracellular oxidative responses	[105]
	Artesunate	Organic peroxides	Causes rapid ROS accumulation	[106]
	Salinomycin	Ferritinophagy	Increases intracellular iron, causes peroxidation by activating ferritinophagy	[107]
	Ironomycin	Ferritinophagy	Increases intracellular iron, causes peroxidation by activating ferritinophagy	[108]
	iFSP1	FSP1	Inhibit FSP1 activity, cause the accumulation of lipid peroxidation	[109]
	BSO	GCLC	Induces GSH depletion	[110]
	Doxorubicin	HO-1	Induces iron overload	[111]
Inhibitors	CoQ10	Antioxidant/RTA	Prevents lipid peroxidation by the FSP1-catalyzed ubiquinol form	[100]
	Fer-1	Antioxidant/RTA	Prevents the accumulation of ROS by reducing activity	[1]
	Lip-1	Antioxidant/RTA	Inhibits lipid peroxidation directly	[112]
	Vitamin E	Antioxidant/RTA	Inhibits lipid peroxidation directly	[113]
	NAC	Antioxidant/RTA	Suppresses ferroptosis through supplementing GSH	[28]
	Ciclopirox	Iron chelator	Reduces intracellular free iron	[1]
	Deferiprone	Iron chelator	Reduces intracellular free iron	[114]
	Deferoxamine	Iron chelator	Reduces intracellular free iron	[1]
	Dexrazoxane	Iron chelator	Reduces intracellular free iron	[115]
	Baicalein	ALOXs	Reduces ROS by inhibits ALOXs, and stabilizes GPX4 to protect cells from excessive lipid peroxidation	[116]
	AA-861	ALOXs	Inhibits lipid ALOXs-mediated peroxidation	[117]
	CDC	ALOXs	Inhibits lipid ALOXs-mediated peroxidation	[117]
	Triacsin C	ACSL4	Prevents the transfer process of PUFA to the cell membrane, inhibits lipid ACSL4-mediated peroxidation	[118]
	Troglitazone	ACSL4	Prevents the transfer process of PUFA to the cell membrane, inhibits lipid ACSL4-mediated peroxidation	[119]
	Rosiglitazone	ACSL4	Prevents the transfer process of PUFA to the cell membrane, inhibits lipid ACSL4-mediated peroxidation	[118]
	DPI	NOXs	Inhibit lipid NOXs-mediated peroxidation	[120]
	TMZ	System xc-	Induces system xc-expression	[121]
	KI-696	Keap1	Binds to Keap1 and prevents it from mediating NRF2 degradation	[122]
	Lactate	HCAR1/MCT1	Promotes PUFAs production	[123]
	MUFAs	Lipid	Block PUFA peroxidation	[124]