Table 1.

AGR2 expression in cancer

Ovarian cancer	The elevated levels of AGR2 in plasma are positively correlated to survival in ovarian cancer [8].
Breast cancer	AGR2 expression correlates with poor outcome of patients with ER-positive breast cancer [83].
Cervical cancer	Bioinformatics analysis has revealed that AGR2 is highly expressed in cervical cancer tissue [67], and AGR2 is a potential prognostic factor for this cancer [85].
Endometrial cancer	AGR2 is overexpressed in endometrial cancers and positively associated with high expression of estrogen alpha, progesterone, and androgen receptors [100].
Prostate cancer	AGR2 expression is elevated in prostate cancer [12] and initiates the invasion of prostate cancer cells [76].
Lung cancer	AGR2 is overexpressed in NSCLC [10] and lung adenocarcinoma [101] and is associated with poor survival, especially in younger patients [87]. Immunostaining analysis of 95 NSCLC samples showed elevated AGR2 expression in 66% of the cases [10]. AGR2 expression at the mRNA level is related to lymph nodes metastasis in NSCLC [102].
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma	AGR2 concentration in serum of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients is significantly elevated in comparison to healthy controls. AGR2 serum levels can be used as a marker for the clinical prognosis of NPC [103].
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma	AGR2 was found to be induced in sporadic and familial PanIN lesions, PDAC cells, circulating tumor cells, and metastases. The invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells correlates with the level of AGR2 expression [54].
Oral cancer	High expression of AGR2 is associated with oral tumor metastasis [7].
Gastric cancer	Elevated expression of AGR2 is related to the progression of gastric cancer and poor survival [104].
Esophageal adenocarcinoma	AGR2 promotes tumor growth of esophageal adenocarcinoma [105].
Cholangiocarcinoma	Upregulation of AGR2 in cholangiocarcinoma promotes cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion [106].
Ampullary cancer	AGR2 upregulates proliferation and invasion of ampullary cancer cells [107].
Biliary tract cancer	The AGR2 expression was found to be decreasing with biliary tract cancer progression [108].
Fibrolamellar carcinoma	AGR2 is overexpressed in the majority of fibrolamellar carcinomas [109].
Colorectal cancer	Loss of AGR2 activity is a prognostic factor for colorectal cancer. AGR2 is responsible for the sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to chemotherapy [110].
Bladder cancer	During bladder cancer, cells secrete AGR2 into urine at higher levels than healthy cells [111].
Papillary thyroid carcinoma	AGR2 is a marker for survival, invasion, and migration of papillary thyroid carcinomas [112].
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma	AGR2 expression is associated with cancer stem cell and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in high-grade head and neck squamous cell carcinoma [57].
Glioblastoma	The stromal cell-derived factor 1 activates AGR2 to promote EMT progression and the development of glioblastoma [113]. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 has been shown to regulate AGR2 inducing growth and angiogenesis in glioblastoma [114].
Pituitary adenoma	The serum AGR2 protein levels are significantly elevated in the serum of pituitary adenoma (PA) patients in comparison to healthy controls [70].
Chronic myelogenous leukemia	Upregulation of AGR2 was observed in TKI-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells [95].