Fig. 5.

Theoretical model of context-induced changes in episodic memory. Contextual similarity across episodes elicits integration during new learning, leading to bolstered recall of associated memories. However, with contextual reinstatement during recall, retrieval interference (or possibly source confusion) develops instead. Conversely, contextual dissimilarity across episodes induces memory competition, promoting new learning at the cost of original memories. These effects are again overturned by contextual reinstatement, such that accurate memory retrieval occurs instead.