Table 4.
Adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for Meningioma in Relation to Categorical Indicators of Cumulative Occupational ELF (1–4 Year Exposure Time Window) and Any Metal (5-year lag) Exposure, INTEROCC study, 2000–2004, Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Israel, New Zealand, and United Kingdoma.
| Metal Exposure | Low ELF (<50th percentile) | High ELF (≥50th percentile) | High vs. Low ELF in stratum of metal | Interaction Term (multiplicative)b | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases/Controls | OR (95% CI) | Cases/Controls | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Never metal | 542/1728 | 1.00 (ref) | 563/1627 | 1.15 (1.00–1.33) | 1.18 (1.02–1.37) | 1.32 (0.86–2.03) |
| Ever metal | 45/214 | 0.96 (0.67–1.38) | 109/366 | 1.46 (1.11–1.91) | 1.32 (0.81–2.15) | |
| Ever vs. Never metal in stratum of ELF | 0.85 (0.58–1.24) | 1.37 (1.03–1.81) | ||||
| Never cadmium | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ever cadmium | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Ever vs. Never cadmium in stratum of ELF | - | - | ||||
| Never chromium | 542/1689 | 1.00 (ref) | 563/1579 | 1.17 (1.01–1.35) | 1.18 (1.02–1.37) | 0.89 (0.48–1.65) |
| Ever chromium | 21/95 | 1.26 (0.75–2.13) | 47/181 | 1.31 (0.91–1.91) | 1.22 (0.56–2.64) | |
| Ever vs. Never chromium in stratum of ELF | 1.16 (0.67–2.03) | 1.26 (0.84–1.87) | ||||
| Never iron | 542/1703 | 1.00 (ref) | 563/1590 | 1.16 (1.01–1.35) | 1.18 (1.02–1.37) | 1.26 (0.75–2.13) |
| Ever iron | 28/152 | 0.96 (0.61–1.50) | 69/255 | 1.41 (1.02–1.94) | 1.29 (0.72–2.29) | |
| Ever vs. Never iron in stratum of ELF | 0.84 (0.53–1.35) | 1.32 (0.93–1.85) | ||||
| Never lead | 542/1700 | 1.00 (ref) | 563/1605 | 1.17 (1.01–1.35) | 1.18 (1.02–1.37) | 1.42 (0.76–2.65) |
| Ever lead | 19/103 | 0.78 (0.46–1.33) | 50/192 | 1.30 (0.91–1.85) | 1.86 (0.79–4.38) | |
| Ever vs. Never lead in stratum of ELF | 0.69 (0.40–1.19) | 1.18 (0.82–1.72) | ||||
| Never nickel | 542/1695 | 1.00 (ref) | 563/1583 | 1.16 (1.01–1.35) | 1.18 (1.02–1.37) | 1.10 (0.63–1.91) |
| Ever nickel | 26/130 | 1.05 (0.66–1.68) | 55/209 | 1.34 (0.95–1.90) | 1.49 (0.78–2.84) | |
| Ever vs. Never nickel in stratum of ELF | 0.95 (0.58–1.55) | 1.26 (0.87–1.83) | ||||
| Never welding fumes | 542/1699 | 1.00 (ref) | 563/1590 | 1.17 (1.01–1.35) | 1.18 (1.02–1.37) | 1.55 (0.82–2.92) |
| Ever welding fumes | 17/106 | 0.81 (0.47–1.42) | 52/192 | 1.46 (1.02–2.10) | 1.47 (0.73–2.99) | |
| Ever vs. Never welding fumes in stratum of ELF | 0.69 (0.39–1.23) | 1.35 (0.92–1.99) | ||||
a
Conditional logistic regression models were stratified by country-region, sex, and five-year age groups, and adjusted for level of education. The 50th percentile of ELF among the control distribution was 0.46 μT-years.
b
p values for interaction (multiplicative scale) were as follows: metal (0.21), chromium (0.71), iron (0.38), lead (0.27), nickel (0.75), welding fumes (0.18).