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. 2021 Dec 2;140(1):51–57. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2021.5052

Table 1. Historical and Clinical Characteristics of 525 Patients Younger Than 22 Years Diagnosed With T1D or T2D Who Underwent at Least 1 Eye Examination, 1970-2019.

Characteristic Patient groupa Difference (T1D − T2D) % (95% CI) P value
T1D (n = 461) T2D (n = 64)
Age at diabetes diagnosis, mean (SD), yb 10.8 (5.1) 17.3 (3.4) –6.5 (–7.8 to –5.2) <.001
Sex
Female 215 (46.6) 46 (71.9) –25.3 (–37.2 to –13.3) <.001
Male 246 (53.4) 18 (28.1) 25.3 (13.3 to 37.2) <.001
Race and ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native 0 1 (1.6) –1.6 (–4.6 to 1.5) .12
Asian 3 (0.7) 9 (14.1) –13.4 (–22.0 to –4.9) <.001
Black 21 (4.5) 12 (18.7) –14.2 (–23.9 to –4.4) <.001
Hispanic 3 (0.7) 4 (6.3) –5.6 (–11.6 to 0) .005
White 384 (83.3) 35 (54.7) 28.6 (–39.7 to –14.4) .001
Mixed 0 1 (1.6) –1.6 (–4.6 to 1.5) .12
Otherc 8 (1.7) 1 (1.6) 0.2 (–3.1 to 3.4) >.99
Unknown 42 (9.1) 1 (1.6) 7.5 (3.5 to 11.6) .047

Abbreviations: T1D, type 1 diabetes; T2D, type 2 diabetes.

a

Unless otherwise indicated, data are expressed as number (%) of patients.

b

Combined mean (SD) age: 12.1 (5.4) years (range, 73 days to 21.8 years).

c

Includes patients who self-identified as non-Hispanic or had an unknown Hispanic ethnicity and self-reported their race as other.