Table 1.

Clinical trials of adipose-derived stem cells treating skin fibrotic diseases

Trial number	Ref.	Disease	Study type	Study population	Cell/derivative type	Amount	Method of administration	Outcome measurement	Follow-up period	Results	Complications
NCT03060551	Park et al[58], 2020	SSc hand disability	Open-label, single center clinical trial	18	SVF	3.61 × 106 each finger on average	Subcutaneous injection	Skin fibrosis, hand edema, hand disability, severity of Raynaud’s phenomenon and hand pain, quality of life, active ulcers, nailfold capillary microscopy	6 mo	Improved skin fibrosis, edema, quality of life, as well as other aspects	No serious adverse events occurred. Five minor adverse events were reported, including paresthesia in liposuction area, dizziness after lidocaine injection, and transient pallor that soon resolved without sequelae
NCT01813279	Granel et al[57], 2014; Guillaume-Jugnot et al[59], 2015	SSc hand disability	Open-label, single arm phase I trial	12	SVF	3.76 ± 1.85 × 106 each finger	Subcutaneous injection	Hand disability, fibrosis, vascular manifestations, pain and quality of life	12 mo	Significant improvements inskin sclerosis, hand function, finger edema and quality of life that lasted for at least a year	No serious adverse events occurred. Four minor adverse events were reported that spontaneously resolved
Not applicable	Abou Eitta et al[65], 2019	Post-acne scars	A single-center, split-face, prospective clinical trial	10	SVF	6 × 106 on average	Subcutaneous injection	The global scoring system, TEWL and skin hydration	3 mo	A significant improvement in the degree of scar severity, scar area percent, skin hydration, and TEWL	Not mentioned
Not applicable	Zhou et al[66], 2016	Facial atrophic acne scars and skin rejuvenation	A single-center, split-face, prospective clinical trial	22	ASC-CM	3 mL	Topical application on laser treated sites, 3 sessions at one-month intervals	The subjective satisfaction scale, improvement score, biophysical measurements, and skin biopsies	3 mo	Topical application of ASC-CM can increase the efficacy of FxCR treatment of atrophic acne scars and skin rejuvenation, while simultaneously reduces adverse reactions post laser therapy	No complications reported

SSc: Systemic sclerosis; mRSS: Modified Rodnan skin score; ASC-CM: Conditioned medium of adipose-derived stem cells; FxCR: Fractional carbon dioxide laser resurfacing; TEWL: Trans-epidermal water loss; SVF: Stromal vascular fraction.