Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants by proton pump inhibitor use in the UK Biobank
| Regular PPI use | Overall | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | ||
| Number of participants* | 443,344 (90.02) | 49,135 (9.98) | 492 479 |
| Mean (SD) age, years | 56.6 (8.11) | 60.0 (7.25) | 57.0 (8.09) |
| Female | 241,809 (54.5) | 27,170 (55.3) | 268,979 (54.6) |
| White | 419,216 (94.6) | 46,772 (95.2) | 465,988 (94.6) |
| Mean (SD) Index of multiple deprivation | 12.5 (15.8) | 14.5 (19.3) | 12.7 (16.1) |
| Never smoker | 248,969 (56.2) | 23,179 (47.2) | 272,148 (55.3) |
| Alcohol consumption | |||
| Daily or almost daily | 91,205 (20.6) | 8635 (17.6) | 99,840 (20.3) |
| One to four times a week | 220,827 (49.8) | 21,250 (43.2) | 242,077 (49.2) |
| One to three times a month | 49,106 (11.1) | 5657 (11.5) | 54,763 (11.1) |
| Special occasions only or never | 82,206 (18.5) | 13,593 (27.7) | 95,799 (19.5) |
| Median (IQR) physical activity, MET minutes/week | 1790 (2750) | 1540 (2750) | 1770 (2750) |
| Mean (SD) fruit and vegetable intake | 4.63 (3.11) | 4.61 (3.24) | 4.63 (3.12) |
| Mean (SD) BMI, kg/m2 | 27.2 (4.69) | 29.2 (5.15) | 27.4 (4.78) |
| Family history of stroke | 114,963 (25.9) | 14,430 (29.4) | 129,393 (26.3) |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension | 25,2407 (56.9) | 34,957 (71.1) | 287,364 (58.4) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 217,713 (49.1) | 33,552 (68.3) | 251,265 (51.0) |
| CVD | 19,327 (4.4) | 7809 (15.9) | 27,136 (5.5) |
| Diabetes | 23,795 (5.4) | 5710 (11.6) | 29,505 (6.0) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 5336 (1.2) | 1396 (2.8) | 6732 (1.4) |
| Cancer | 22,376 (5.0) | 3837 (7.8%) | 26,213 (5.3%) |
| Esophagitis/barretts esophagus | 2490 (0.6) | 4303 (8.8) | 6793 (1.4) |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease | 9331 (2.1) | 19,699 (40.1) | 29,030 (5.9) |
| Peptic ulcer | 4578 (1.0) | 6075 (12.4) | 10,653 (2.2) |
| Other drug use | |||
| Aspirin | 55,255 (12.5) | 11,298 (23.0) | 66,553 (13.5) |
| Non-aspirin NSAIDs | 71,757 (16.2) | 8406 (17.1) | 80,163 (16.3) |
| Paracetamol | 93,535 (21.1) | 16,269 (33.1) | 109,804 (22.3) |
| Antihypertensive drugs | 38,163 (8.6) | 8418 (17.1) | 46,581 (9.5) |
| Metformin | 10,994 (2.5) | 2799 (5.7) | 13,793 (2.8) |
| Statin | 60,711 (13.7) | 15,428 (31.4) | 76,139 (15.5) |
| H2RAs | 7975 (1.8) | 2153 (4.4) | 10,128 (2.1) |
| Anticoagulants/antiplatelets | 5375 (1.2) | 2110 (4.3) | 7485 (1.5) |
| Multivitamin use | 65,417 (14.8) | 8696 (17.7) | 74,113 (15.0) |
| Intake of mineral supplements | 95,168 (21.5) | 10,139 (20.6) | 105,307 (21.4) |
CVD, cardiovascular disease; H2RAs, histamine-2 receptor antagonists; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
*Values are numbers (percentages) unless stated otherwise