Table XXVI.
The effects of antihyperglycaemic agents on the lipid profile and cardiovascular risk
| Antihyperglycaemic agent | LDL-C | TG | HDL-C | Body weight | Effect on atherosclerotic cardiovascular events | Heart failure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metformin | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ ↔ | Favourable | Neutral |
| Sulfonylurea derivatives | ↔ | ↔ | ↔ | ↑ with the exception of gliclazide | Neutral | Neutral |
| SGLT-2 inhibitors (flozins) | ↔ or ↑ | ↔ | ↑ | ↓ | Favourable (empagliflozin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin) | Favourable (empagliflozin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin) |
| GLP-1 receptor agonists (incretins) | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ | ↓↓ | Favourable (liraglutide, semaglutide, dulaglutide) | Neutral |
| DPP-4 inhibitors (gliptins) | ↓ ↔ | ↔ | ↔ | ↔ | Neutral | Neutral (unfavourable saxagliptin) |
| Pioglitazone | ↔ | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | Potentially favourable | Unfavourable |
| Acarbose | ↔ | ↔ | ↔ | ↔ | Neutral | Neutral |
| Insulin | ↔ | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | Neutral | Neutral |