Table 4.

Path analysis showing the direct and indirect pathways from pre- and postnatal maternal depression/FAI to depression at 24 years via childhood trauma (Multiple imputation, N = 3506).

	SE	95%CI	p-value
Depressiona∼
Prenatal maternal depression	0.04	−0.04–0.12	0.338
Postnatal maternal depression	0.004	−0.07–0.08	0.912
Prenatal FAI	0.03	−0.04–0.11	0.401
Postnatal FAI	0.02	−0.05–0.09	0.595
Childhood trauma	0.16	0.10–0.23	< 0.001
Childhood traumaa∼
Prenatal maternal depression	0.09	0.04–0.14	0.001
Postnatal maternal depression	0.10	0.05–0.16	< 0.001
Prenatal FAI	0.08	0.03–0.13	0.002
Postnatal FAI	0.16	0.11–0.20	< 0.001
Postnatal FAI∼
Prenatal FAI	0.64	0.59–0.68	< 0.001
Prenatal maternal depression	0.24	0.20–0.29	< 0.001
Postnatal maternal depression∼
Prenatal FAI	0.05	0.03–0.08	< 0.001
Prenatal maternal depression	0.66	0.64–0.69	< 0.001
Covariance
Postnatal FAI ∼∼ Postnatal maternal depression	0.13	0.10–0.15	< 0.001
Indirect effecta
Prenatal maternal depression → Childhood trauma → Depression	0.015	0.004–0.025	0.008
Postnatal maternal depression → Childhood trauma → Depression	0.017	0.006–0.027	0.002
Prenatal FAI → Childhood trauma → Depression	0.012	0.003–0.022	0.012
Postnatal FAI → Childhood trauma → Depression	0.026	0.013–0.038	< 0.001
Total effect	0.163	0.091–0.236	< 0.001

^aPathways modeled simultaneously, and controlled for sex, genetic risk score for MDD and neuroticism. Significant confounders: sex (female) and genetic risk score for MDD on depression, and sex (male) and genetic risk for neuroticism on trauma.