Table 3.
Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis of factors associated with erectile dysfunction among hypertensive patients attending governmental health institutions in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021 (n = 423).
| Variables | Erectile dysfunction | Odds ratio (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (%) | No (%) | Crude | Adjusted | |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 18–40 | 4 (9.09) | 40 (90.91) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 41–60 | 71 (35.3) | 130 (64.7) | 2.58 (1.92–6.23) | 2.12 (0.98–3.57) |
| 61–80 | 97 (64.3) | 54 (35.7) | 5.45 (3.93–9.31) | 3.86 (1.62–6.55)∗ |
| >80 | 24 (88.9) | 3 (11.1) | 8.68 (4.47–12.4) | 5.29 (3.38–8.07)∗ |
|
| ||||
| Severity of hypertension | ||||
| Controlled | 24 (17.14) | 116 (82.86) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Stage I | 116 (53.46) | 101 (46.54) | 4.8 (2.92–7.90) | 2.78 (1.51–5.09)∗ |
| Stage II | 56 (84.85) | 10 (15.15) | 6.3 (4.16–8.34) | 3.54 (1.63–5.74)∗ |
|
| ||||
| Duration of hypertension and its medications (years) | ||||
| <5 | 59 (25.9) | 169 (74.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 5–10 | 83 (64.3) | 46 (35.7) | 2.1 (1.2–4.15) | 1.8 (0.95–2.5) |
| >10 | 54 (81.8) | 12 (18.2) | 7.1 (5.6–10.7) | 2.5 (1.12–4.19)∗ |
|
| ||||
| Antihypertensive medications | ||||
| Polytherapy | 147 (65.6) | 77 (34.4) | 2.11 (1.35–4.78) | 2.06 (1.18–3.37)∗ |
| Monotherapy | 49 (24.6) | 150 (75.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
| ||||
| Anti-HTN medication class | ||||
| Diuretics | 25 | 93 | 2.19 (1.72–4.11) | 1.27 (0.85–3.42) |
| Ca2+ CB | 11 | 33 | 1.25 (1.24–3.61) | 1.06 (0.71–2.18) |
| Diuretic + CaCB | 42 | 47 | 2.12 (1.76–4.71) | 1.14 (0.83–2.94) |
| Diuretic + BB | 45 | 10 | 3.77 (1.25–5.86) | 1.97 (1.26–3.75)∗ |
| CaCB + ACEI | 11 | 20 | 2.36 (1.06–5.11) | 1.34 (0.76–2.77) |
| Diuretic + CaCB + BB | 36 | 13 | 3.88 (1.87–6.20) | 2.03 (1.38–3.88)∗ |
| ACE inhibitor | 13 | 24 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
| ||||
| Depression | ||||
| Yes | 113 (76.35) | 35 (23.65) | 7.47 (4.72–11.80) | 2.35 (1.31–4.21)∗ |
| No | 83 (30.18) | 192 (69.82) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
| ||||
| BMI | ||||
| Normal | 110 (35.8) | 197 (64.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Overweight | 86 (73.15) | 30 (26.85) | 4.94 (3.04–8.06) | 1.85 (0.98–3.5) |
|
| ||||
| Physical activity | ||||
| Yes | 72 (31.4) | 157 (68.6) | 0.25 (0.16–0.37) | 0.48 (0.28–0.83)∗ |
| No | 124 (63.9) | 70 (36.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
| ||||
| Comorbidity | ||||
| Yes | 97 (66.9) | 48 (33.1) | 3.6 (2.4–5.6) | 1.76 (1.04–3.15)∗ |
| No | 99 (35.6) | 179 (64.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
| ||||
| Cigarette smoker | ||||
| Yes | 28 (38.9) | 44 (61.1) | 1.29 (1.41–3.16) | 1.15 (0.79–2.25) |
| No | 168 (47.8) | 183 (52.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
| ||||
| Occupation | ||||
| Government employee | 31 (28.4) | 78 (71.6) | 0.49 (0.12–1.97) | 0.77 (0.12–5.01) |
| Merchant | 48 (52.7) | 43 (47.3) | 1.39 (0.35–5.53) | 0.91 (0.14–5.73) |
| Farmer | 22 (41.5) | 31 (58.5) | 0.88 (0.21–3.68) | 0.65 (0.09–4.33) |
| Nongovernment employee | 41 (0.51) | 39 (0.49) | 1.31 (0.33–5.25) | 0.89 (0.14–5.65) |
| Retired | 50 (61.7) | 31 (38.3) | 2.02 (0.50–8.08) | 0.39 (0.06–2.58) |
| Daily labor | 4 (44.4) | 5 (55.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
| ||||
| Educational level | ||||
| Can read and write | 40 (56.3) | 31 (43.7) | 1.57 (0.76–3.24) | 2.37 (0.84–6.68) |
| Primary school | 48 (51.6) | 45 (48.4) | 1.29 (0.65–2.57) | 2.69 (0.91–7.99) |
| Secondary school | 49 (46.7) | 56 (53.3) | 1.06 (0.54–2.08) | 1.58 (0.54–4.59) |
| Diploma and above | 36 (34.9) | 67 (65.1) | 0.65 (0.33–1.29) | 1.89 (0.61–5.92) |
| Cannot read and write | 23 (45.1) | 28 (54.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
CI: confidence interval; BB: beta-blocker; CaCB: calcium channel blocker; ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. ∗P value ≤ 0.05.