. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021 Oct 13;131:923–940. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.013

Table 4.

A summary of investigations examining the relationship between aerobic non-traditional ET/PA and functional connectivity.

Author, year	Participant	Mean age (year)	Intervention (E/C)	Frequency and duration	Intensity	Analysis Method	Results	Network(s) Implicated
Author, year	n (E/C), Subjects	Mean age (year)	Intervention (E/C)	Frequency and duration	Intensity	Analysis Method	Results	Network(s) Implicated
Magon, 2016	28 (14/14), OA	E: 62.3±5.4 C: 61.8±5.3	E: slackline training C: no intervention	3/W for 1.5M, 30 min	No information	1) ICA 2) SBC (seed: THL, BG)	↓ BG rsFC after training in a subgroup of participants with ↑ slackline performance	SMN
Demirakca, 2016	32 (21/11), MAA	E: 48±9 C: 49±8	E: life kinetik training C: no intervention	1/W for 4M, 1H		seed to voxel (seed: MA, SMA, VA, AA, FC)	E > C: ↑ rsFC between motor and visual/somatosensory area, primary sensory area and ACC, and PAC and CB	SMN
Ji, 2017	24 (12/12), OA	70±7.78	E: Wii Fit C: no training	7/W for 1.5M, 30 min		SBC (seed: PCC/precuneus)	Link between ET- related ↑ rsFC between putaman and thalamus and ↑ in EF	DMN
Tao, 2017^a	57 (36/21), OA	E1: 62.3±4.5 E2: 62.3±3.8 C: 59.7±4.8	E1: Tai Chi E2: Badunjin C: HE	5/W for 3M, 1H		SBC (seed: Bi DLPFC)	1) Tai Chi group: ↓ rsFC between DLPFC and L SFG/ACC 2) Badunjin group: ↓ rsFC between DLPFC and L putamen/insula	ECN
Tao, 2017^b	57 (36/21), OA	E1: 62.3±4.5 E2: 62.3±3.8 C: 59.7±4.8	E1: Tai Chi E2: Badunjin C: HE	5/W for 3M, 1H		SBC (seed: Bi HIP)	1) ↑ rsFC between bilateral HIP and MPFG 2) Link between Tai Chi training-related ↑ HIP rsFC and ↑ memory	HPN

Notes: OA, older adults; YA, younger adults; MAA, middle-aged adults; TC, Tai-Chi; W, walking; E, exercise group; C, control group; HE, health education; W, week; M, month; H, hour; yrs, years; ICA, independent component analysis; SBC, seed-based correlation analysis; THL, thalamus; BG, basal ganglia (including caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus); MA, motor area; SMA, sensorimotor area; VA, visual area; AA, auditory area; FC, frontal cortex area; PCC, posterior cingulate cortex; Bi, bilateral; DLPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; HIP, hippocampus; TAN, topological attributes of network; rsFC, functional connectivity; ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; PAC, primary auditory cortex; CB, cerebellum; L, left; SFG, superior frontal gyrus; MPFC, medial prefrontal gyrus; SMN, sensorimotor network; DMN, default-mode network; ECN, executive control network; HPN, hippocampal network.