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. 2021 Dec 3;11:23368. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02727-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Abundance by elevation of 18 bee species collected in Northwestern Costa Rica. Darker brown indicates a statistically higher abundance for that bee species, with each elevation sampled comprising one-fourth of the bar from 800-1100 m elevation. Bee abundance differences were not statistically assessed between 800 and 0 m elevation since collection methods differed. Dark brown at 0 m elevation indicates a similar or higher abundance to 800 m, lighter brown indicates a lower abundance compared to 800 m. White blocks for an elevation band indicate that no individuals were collected for that bee species at that elevation. Apis mellifera (AM) and Scaptotrigona mexicana (SM) are included as bee species that did not statistically differ in abundance by elevation, and Ceratina chloris (CH) is included as one species that was not collected in sufficient numbers to statistically test, but was found in high numbers at 0 m elevation and only collected from 800 m elevation in the mountains.