Figure 5.

PCA regulates β-catenin/TCF4 cascades. Primary neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) were exposed to 1% O₂ in glucose-free DMEM (OGD) for 4 h in the presence of protocatechuic aldehyde (PCA). Representative co-IP analysis to of TCF4 and β-catenin in the NRVMs exposed to OGD for 4 h (A) or H₂O₂ for 8 h (B) (n = 3). (C) TCF4 luciferase reporter activity in the presence or absence of PNU-74654 (PUN, 10 μmol/L) (n = 3). The mRNA levels of Myc (D), Ccnd1 (E) and Sgk1 (F) (n = 4). (G) Cell survival of NRVMs (n = 6). Results are shown as mean ± SD; ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001.