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. 2021 Dec 3;12:7051. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-27242-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Once a driver gene is mutated, either a second hit in the same gene or an alteration in a different gene in the same biological pathway can be alternative evolutionary paths to cancer. That is, for some pathways, two hits may be required to (in)activate it but these hits can either be in one gene or in two different genes. The ordering of events may differ from that illustrated here.