. 2021 Dec 3;4(12):e2137162. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.37162

Table 3. Substance Use During Pregnancy by State Marijuana Legalization Status Among Pregnant Persons Living With HIV From 2007 to 2019.

State marijuana legalization status	Reported use of substance, No./total No. (%)	RR (95% CI)
State marijuana legalization status	Reported use of substance, No./total No. (%)	Unadjusted model	Adjusted model^a
Recreational marijuana
Alcohol
Before legalization	31/400 (7.8)	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
After legalization	14/125 (11.2)	1.44 (0.78-2.66)	1.37 (0.74-2.55)
Never legal^b	227/2378 (9.5)	1.23 (0.86-1.78)	1.35 (0.93-1.96)
Marijuana
Before legalization	39/400 (9.8)	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
After legalization	17/125 (13.6)	1.39 (0.78-2.48)	1.30 (0.74-2.29)
Never legal^b	214/2378 (9.0)	0.92 (0.66-1.29)	0.72 (0.51-1.02)
Alcohol and marijuana
Before legalization	13/400 (3.3)	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
After legalization	6/125 (4.8)	1.48 (0.57-3.79)	1.35 (0.51-3.56)
Never legal^b	61/2378 (2.6)	0.79 (0.43-1.44)	0.72 (0.39-1.34)
Medical marijuana
Alcohol
Before legalization^c	151/1326 (11.4)	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
After legalization	76/915 (8.4)	0.73 (0.55-0.96)	0.68 (0.52-0.90)
Never legal	45/662 (6.8)	0.60 (0.43-0.83)	0.60 (0.43-0.84)
Marijuana
Before legalization^c	118/1326 (8.9)	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
After legalization	94/916 (10.3)	1.15 (0.87-1.53)	1.36 (1.02-1.80)
Never legal	58/662 (8.8)	0.98 (0.71-1.37)	0.84 (0.60-1.19)
Alcohol and marijuana
Before legalization^c	43/1326 (3.2)	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
After legalization	28/915 (3.1)	0.94 (0.59-1.54)	0.97 (0.59-1.60)
Never legal	9/662 (1.4)	0.42 (0.19-0.92)	0.37 (0.16-0.83)

Abbreviation: RR, relative risk.

^{^a}

Models adjusted for maternal race, ethnicity, age, and income, accounting for additional pregnancies.

^{^b}

Data on 2 pregnancies were missing in states where recreational marijuana was never legal.

^{^c}

Data on 2 pregnancies were missing in states where medical marijuana had before-legalization status.