Table 4. Substance Use During the First Postpartum Year by State Marijuana Legalization Status Among Postpartum Persons Living With HIV From 2007 to 2019.
| State marijuana legalization status | Reported use of substance, No./Total No. (%) | RR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted model | Adjusted modela | ||
| Recreational marijuanab | |||
| Alcohol | |||
| Before legalization | 93/226 (41.2) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| After legalization | 35/89 (39.3) | 0.96 (0.71-1.29) | 0.89 (0.67-1.19) |
| Never legal | 665/1473 (45.1) | 1.10 (0.91-1.32) | 1.02 (0.85-1.23) |
| Marijuana | |||
| Before legalization | 28/228 (12.3) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| After legalization | 13/89 (14.6) | 1.19 (0.63-2.24) | 1.00 (0.54-1.85) |
| Never legal | 203/1478 (13.7) | 1.12 (0.74-1.69) | 0.76 (0.50-1.16) |
| Alcohol and marijuana | |||
| Before legalization | 23/226 (10.2) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| After legalization | 11/89 (12.4) | 1.21 (0.60-2.47) | 0.99 (0.49-1.99) |
| Never legal | 144/1473 (9.8) | 0.96 (0.60-1.55) | 0.68 (0.41-1.12) |
| Medical marijuanac | |||
| Alcohol | |||
| Before legalization | 359/835 (43.0) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| After legalization | 237/529 (44.8) | 1.04 (0.91-1.19) | 1.05 (0.92-1.20) |
| Never legal | 197/424 (46.5) | 1.08 (0.94-1.24) | 0.99 (0.86-1.15) |
| Marijuana | |||
| Before legalization | 93/836 (11.1) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| After legalization | 89/532 (16.7) | 1.50 (1.13-2.00) | 1.84 (1.40-2.42) |
| Never legal | 62/427 (14.5) | 1.30 (0.95-1.80) | 1.06 (0.77-1.47) |
| Alcohol and marijuana | |||
| Before legalization | 72/835 (8.6) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| After legalization | 67/529 (12.7) | 1.47 (1.05-2.06) | 1.75 (1.25-2.45) |
| Never legal | 39/424 (9.2) | 1.07 (0.71-1.59) | 0.87 (0.58-1.30) |
Abbreviation: RR, relative risk.
a
Models adjusted for maternal race, ethnicity, age, and income, accounting for additional pregnancies.
b
Data from 2 pregnancies were missing from the states with before-legalization status for alcohol data and 5 pregnancies with marijuana data from states with never-legal recreational marijuana.
c
Data were missing from 7 pregnancies for alcohol: 3 from states with never-legal status, 1 from a state with before-legalization status, and 3 from states with after-legalization status.