Table 3.
Factors associated with malnutrition in community-dwelling older adults stratified by ageing rate
| Domain | Successful (N = 9) | Usual (N = 9) | Accelerated (N = 10) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | Female (2), marital status (4), age (2), BMI (1), education (2), ethnicity (1) | Age (3), BMI (3), WL (1), measures of fat mass (1), female (1), marital status (2), rural location (1) | Female (1), age (1), unintentional WL (1), rural location (1), ethnicity (1), marital status (1) |
| Lifestyle | PA (1) | Alcohol (1) | Smoking (1), PA (1) |
| Food Intake | Appetite (1), food insecurity (1) | Appetite (1), oral health (1), illness which affects food intake (1), normal swallow (RR) (1), choosing food that’s easy to chew (1) | Appetite (2), < 3 snacks per day (1), oral health (1), eating difficulty (1), eating dependency (1) |
| Social | Social support (2), living situation (1), income (1) | Living alone (2), living with another adult (1), income (3), low social support (2), social isolation (2), requiring assistance to travel (1), availability of reliable transport (1), religious attendance (1), fear of attack (1), fear discrimination (1) | Income (1), MOW (2), increasing use of MOW (1), help making meals (1) |
| Physical Functioning | difficulty walking/climbing stairs (2), falls (1), orthopaedic disability (1) | Healthy physical performance (1), IADL (1), moderate/severe disability (1) | Unable to go outside (1), ADL (2), functional status (1), falls (1), IADL (RR) (1) |
| Psychological | Cognitive impairment (1), depression (1), mental health (1) | Dementia (1), depression (2) | Depression (2), dementia (1), mental overload (1), cognitive impairment-men (1) |
| Disease-related | SR health (2), hospitalisation (1), low medication use (RR vs none) (1), multi-morbidity (2), QoL (1), physical health (1) | Polypharmacy (3), SR health (2), institutionalisation (1), not regularly attending GP (RR) (1), health problems (1), general health status (1) | Intestinal problems (1), multi-morbidity (1), osteoporosis (1), nausea (1), cancer (1), health related QoL (1), poor SR health (1), hospitalisation (2), > 2 emergency hospitalisation (1), hospital stay > 4 weeks (1) |
ADL activities of daily living, MOW meals on wheels, PA physical activity, QoL quality of life, RR reduced risk, SR self-rated, WL weight loss
Bold text indicates factors which are more frequently reported as the rate of ageing increases