Table 4.
Description of multivariable models
| Target behaviours | Smoking | Insufficient physical activity | Non-adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern | Any of the three behaviours* | Two or three behaviours* | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Outcomes | ||||||||||
| Positive change in two or three behaviours | 1.70 (1.09 to 2.63) | 0.018 | ||||||||
| Positive change in any behaviour | 1.48 (1.05 to 2.10) | 0.027 | ||||||||
| Positive change in smoking behaviour | 1.30 (0.89 to 2.03) | 0.165 | ||||||||
| Positive change in physical activity behaviour | 1.07 (0.74 to 1.54) | 0.737 | ||||||||
| Positive change in diet behaviour | 1.87 (1.30 to 2.68) | 0.001 | ||||||||
| Variables at cluster level | ||||||||||
| Average age of healthcare professionals | 0.99 (0.96 to 1.03) | 0.727 | 1.01 (0.98 to 1.05) | 0.545 | 0.99 (0.96 to 1.02) | 0.452 | 1.00 (0.96 to 1.03) | 0.788 | 1.00 (0.96 to 1.04) | 0.833 |
| Average time (years) working in the same PHC centre | 0.96 (0.92 to 1.02) | 0.189 | 0.99 (0.94 to 1.05) | 0.842 | 0.97 (0.93 to 1.02) | 0.313 | 0.98 (0.93 to 1.03) | 0.355 | 0.96 (0.90 to 1.02) | 0.158 |
| Training centre for PHC professionals (yes vs. no) | 1.29 (0.82 to 2.03) | 0.264 | 0.56 (0.37 to 0.86) | 0.008 | 1.62 (1.08 to 2.43) | 0.019 | 0.97 (0.65 to 1.44) | 0.867 | 1.03 (0.63 to 1.67) | 0.909 |
| Variables at participant level | ||||||||||
| Age (years) | 1.00 (0.97 to 1.03) | 0.988 | 0.99 (0.98 to 1.01) | 0.401 | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.02) | 0.750 | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.02) | 0.873 | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.02) | 0.616 |
| Female vs. male | 0.88 (0.61 to 1.26) | 0.480 | 1.01 (0.83 to 1.23) | 0.945 | 1.16 (0.95 to 1.42) | 0.153 | 1.05 (0.88 to 1.26) | 0.563 | 1.02 (0.77 to 1.36) | 0.892 |
| Stage of change | ||||||||||
| - Precontemplation | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.08 (0.87 to 1.34) | 0.472 | 0.93 (0.64 to 1.34) | 0.693 | |||
| - Contemplation | 1.09 (0.68 to 1.75) | 0.723 | 1.19 (0.90 to 1.59) | 0.229 | 1.21 (0.86 to 1.71) | 0.282 | 1.16 (0.94 to 1.42) | 0.168 | 1.29 (0.92 to 1.81) | 0.137 |
| - Preparation | 1.57 (0.97 to 2.53) | 0.065 | 1.26 (0.93 to 1.70) | 0.134 | 1.13 (0.81 to 1.57) | 0.487 | 1.30 (1.06 to 1.60) | 0.013 | 1.19 (0.86 to 1.65) | 0.285 |
| - Action, maintenance or termination | 2.53 (1.19 to 5.38) | 0.016 | 0.81 (0.58 to 1.14) | 0.235 | 1.02 (0.74 to 1.41) | 0.906 | 1.07 (0.80 to 1.43) | 0.639 | 0.90 (0.59 to 1.39) | 0.638 |
| Co-occurrence of unhealthy behaviours | ||||||||||
| - Non-adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern & insufficient physical activity & smoking | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| - Non-adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern & insufficient physical activity | 1.08 (0.85 to 1.37) | 0.543 | 1.28 (1.00 to 1.64) | 0.049 | 0.82 (0.62 to 1.09) | 0.181 | 0.61 (0.38 to 0.98) | 0.040 | ||
| - Non-adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern & smoking | 1.01 (0.65 to 1.56) | 0.962 | 1.33 (0.90 to 1.94) | 0.150 | 0.82 (0.57 to 1.18) | 0.292 | 0.86 (0.49 to 1.49) | 0.582 | ||
| - Smoking & insufficient physical activity | 0.97 (0.60 to 1.57) | 0.902 | 1.02 (0.67 to 1.57) | 0.912 | 1.01 (0.69 to 1.49) | 0.946 | 0.89 (0.50 to 1.61) | 0.709 | ||
| Education level | ||||||||||
| - Secondary or higher education | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| - Primary or lower education | 0.98 (0.68 to 1.41) | 0.905 | 1.12 (0.89 to 1.39) | 0.339 | 0.91 (0.73 to 1.13) | 0.390 | 1.00 (0.82 to 1.20) | 0.967 | 1.02 (0.74 to 1.39) | 0.924 |
| Employment situation | ||||||||||
| - Employed | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| - Unemployed | 0.53 (0.25 to 1.13) | 0.098 | 1.00 (0.71 to 1.41) | 0.981 | 0.88 (0.60 to 1.30) | 0.533 | 0.85 (0.63 to 1.16) | 0.304 | 0.69 (0.39 to 1.23) | 0.210 |
| - Other situations | 1.02 (0.68 to 1.54) | 0.907 | 1.02 (0.79 to 1.31) | 0.900 | 1.12 (0.85 to 1.46) | 0.421 | 1.06 (0.85 to 1.34) | 0.600 | 1.03 (0.71 to 1.49) | 0.888 |
OR, Odds ratio
*In these models, each state of change was considered as a variable with possible values of 0, 0.33, 0.66 and 1 according to the participant was in this state for none, one, two or all three behaviours