Fig. 6.

a TNF-α and IL-10 expressions in the supernatant after the co-culture of macrophages and scaffolds for 48 h. The scaffolds without GO were labeled “control,” the GO-free scaffolds loaded with 1.5 × 10⁵ USCs were labeled “U,” the scaffolds containing 0.1% GO were labeled “GO,” and the scaffolds containing 0.1% GO loaded with 1.5 × 10⁵ USCs were labeled “GO+U.” Macrophages cultured with the induction medium for M2-type macrophages were used as a positive control (+), and macrophages cultured with only culture medium were labeled “Blank.” b Detection of the mRNA levels of selected genes related to M1- and M2-type macrophage after the co-culture of macrophages and scaffolds for 48 h. Statistically significant differences are indicated with *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 versus the control group