Table.1.
Comparison of studies using the eleven highly lethal genes found in T. castaneum by Ulrich et al. (2015). Key parameters of each study are indicated in the upper part of the table. Mortality rates [%] are shown for each of the eleven lethal genes, either estimated from figures (indicated with ~ before the number) or as stated in the publication. Mortalities of negative controls (GFP, YFP, IMPI) and positive controls (actin, IAP, V-ATPase) are included. Values of ≤ 40% are marked in red, ≥ 80% in blue to highlight inefficient and highly lethal genes, respectively
| Species | Phaedon cochleariae | Halyomorpha halys | Agrilus planipennis | Euschistus heros | Diabrotica virgifera | Brassicogethes aeneus | Dendroctonus frontalis | Anoplophora glabripennis | Plagiodera versicolora | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Publication | Mehlhorn et al. (2021) | Mogilicherla et al. (2018) | Rodrigues et al. (2018) | Castellanos et al. (2019) | Knorr et al. (2018) | Knorr et al. (2018) | Kyre et al. (2019) | Dhandapani et al. (2020) | Zhang et al. (2019) | Xu et al. (2019) | |||||
| Developmental stage | 2nd instar larvae | Adults | 2nd instar nymphs | Neonates | Adults | 2nd instar nymphs | Neonates | Adults | Adults | 4th/5th instar larvae | adults | 1st instar | 2nd instar larvae | ||
| Total no. of tested Genes | 9 | 9 | 13 | 5 | 13 | 2 | 16 | 50 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 48 | 18 | 6 | 4 |
| Delivery | Injection | Feeding | Injection | Feeding | Feeding | Feeding | Injection | Feeding | Injection | Feeding | Feeding | Injection | Injection | Feeding | Feeding |
| dsRNA amount | 150 ng | 0.3 µg/1 µg/ 3 µg per leaf disc | 1 µg | 20 µg-soaked bean pole, exchanged for 3d | 10 µg/µl droplet for 4d | 10 µg/µl | 27.5 ng/mg body weight | 500 ng/cm2 diet overlay | 150 nl 250 ng/µl (=37.5ng) | Initial: 5 µl 1 µg/µl, then diet with 500 ng/cm2 | 10 µg | 8 µg | 10 µg | ? Heat-inactivated bacteria producing dsRNA | 8 ng/cm2, non-axenic |
| Time point | d10 | d10 | d7 | d7 | d8 | d10 | d7 / d14 | d9 | d14 | d14 | d10 | d15 | d15 | d7 | d7 |
| Cactus | 30-Jul | 0/0/0 | – | – | ~43 | – | ~5/~67 | – | – | – | – | 0 | – | ~15 | – |
| srp54k | 100 | 100/100/100 | ~57 | – | ~48 | – | ~45/~98 | – | – | – | – | 0 | – | 75 | 100 |
| rop | 100 | 100/100/100 | 0 | – | ~40 | – | – | 82.8 | ~90 | ~90 | – | 0 | – | – | – |
| α-SNAP | 100 | 91.4/100/100 | ~43 | – | ~65 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0 | – | ~60 | 100 |
| shibire | 63 | 11.4/0/0 | ~15 | – | ~80 | ~33 | – | – | – | – | 86.6 | 10 | 100 | ~10 | ? |
| PP-α | 48 | 34.3/34.3 /45.7 | 100 | ~75 | ~67 | – | ~70/~96 | – | – | – | – | 0 | – | – | – |
| inr-a | n.d. | n.d. | – | – | ~72 | – | ~25/~30 | 51.89 | – | – | – | 0 | – | – | – |
| hsc70-3 | 92.7 | 34.3/57.1/80 | 0 | – | ~92 | ~40 | – | 47.06 | – | – | 100 | 10 | – | ~38 | – |
| rpn7 | 100 | 100/100/100 | – | – | ~62 | – | ~57/~95 | 59.2 | – | – | – | 0 | – | – | – |
| gawky | n.d. | n.d. | – | – | ~68 | – | ~50/~90 | – | – | – | – | 40 | – | – | – |
| rpt3 | 100 | 100/100/100 | – | – | ~60 | – | – | 46.11 | – | – | – | 0 | – | – | – |
| Negative control | 3.7 (GFP) | */ 2.3 (GFP) | * | * | ~35 (GFP) | ~10 (GFP) | ~12/~18 (GFP) | 11 (YFP) | ~10 (IMPI) | ~35 (IMPI) | ~25 | 0 (GFP) | 40 (GFP) | ~15 (GFP) | * |
| Actin | – | – | ~43 | – | ~55 | – | ~60/~98 | – | – | – | – | 50 | 40 | 82 | 100 |
| IAP | – | – | ~70 | ~75 | ~55 | – | – | – | – | – | ~30 | 100 | 100 | – | – |
| V-ATPase (various subunits) | – | – | 100 | ~10 | – | – | ~55/~85 | – | – | – | – | 50 | 20 | – | – |
*Control was used for mortality calculation; ? Gene was tested in the study, but data were not available yet; - gene was not tested in the study; n.d. not detected