Table 6.
Linear mixed effects model examining sex differences in associations between prenatal maternal psychological distress and mean fetal heart rate (N = 149)
| Fixed effects | Estimate (SE) | Std estimate | 95% CI | t | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intercept | 138.54 (1.85) | .07 | [134.90, 142.17] | 74.69 | <.001 |
| Weeks’ gestation (centered at 37 weeks) | −0.35 (0.10) | −.20 | [−0.55, −0.15] | −3.46 | .001 |
| Prenatal maternal psychological distress | 0.67 (1.02) | .00 | [−1.32, 2.67] | 0.66 | .51 |
| Fetal sex (female) | −0.54 (1.20) | −.04 | [−2.89, 1.81] | −0.45 | .65 |
| Gestational age at birth | −0.09 (0.44) | −.01 | [−0.96, 0.78] | −0.21 | .83 |
| Obstetric risk (any risk) | 1.82 (1.03) | .24 | [−0.21, 3.84] | 1.76 | .08 |
| SES | 0.16 (0.30) | .04 | [−0.42, 0.74] | 0.54 | .59 |
| Cohabitating with infant’s father | −1.05 (1.74) | −.14 | [−4.46, 2.36] | −0.60 | .55 |
| Weeks’ gestation × maternal distress | 0.12 (0.10) | .05 | [−0.07, 0.31] | 1.22 | .22 |
| Weeks’ gestation × sex (female) | −0.04 (0.14) | −.02 | [−0.32, 0.23] | −0.29 | .77 |
| Maternal distress × sex (female) | 2.29 (1.27) | .22 | [−0.19, 4.77] | 1.81 | .07 |
| Random effects | Variance | SD | |||
| Intercept | 17.13 | 4.14 | |||
| Residual | 37.17 | 6.10 |
Note. Mean fetal heart rate is the dependent variable. Marginal R2GLMM (variance explained by fixed effects) = .08. Conditional R2GLMM (variance explained by entire model, including fixed and random effects) = .37.