Table 2.
Clinical Manifestations of Patients with Malayan Pit Viper Envenomation Reported to Ramathibodi Poison Center
| Clinical Manifestations | n (% of 167 Patients) |
|---|---|
| Local effect | 156 (93.4) |
| Swelling | 149 (89.2) |
| Local pain | 79 (47.3) |
| Bleeding per wound | 33 (19.8) |
| Ecchymosis | 32 (19.2) |
| Bleb | 38 (22.8) |
| Necrosis | 22 (13.2) |
| Hematoma | 7 (4.2) |
| Necrotizing fasciitis | 5 (3.0) |
| Compartment syndrome | 12 (7.2) |
| Systemic effect | 147 (88.0) |
| Prolonged VCT | 123 (73.7) |
| Unclotted 20WBCT | 57 (34.1) |
| Platelet <50,000/mcL | 29 (17.4) |
| INR >1.2 | 51 (30.5) |
| Systemic bleeding | 14 (8.4) |
Abbreviations: MPV, Malayan pit viper; VCT, venous clotting time; 20WBCT, 20-minute whole blood clotting test; INR, international normalized ratio.