Table 2.

Specific effects of SSTR stimulation and associated signaling pathways [66, 86–93].

Receptor	Strongest agonist	Signaling pathway	Effect	Reference
SSTR1	All SSAs	Tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 stimulation Induction of MAPK-ERK pathway and p21:Waf1:Cip1 Adenylyl cyclase modulation	Cell cycle arrest Reduced metastatic potential	[41, 52]
SSTR2	Vapreotide	Modulation of the ERK1/2 pathway and activation of SHP-1, SHP-2, and PTPη Modulation of the p21 and p27kip1 pathways Adenylyl cyclase modulation	Apoptosis Cell cycle arrest; antineoplastic	[82, 83, 87, 88]
SSTR3	Lanreotide	Adenylyl cyclase modulation	Apoptosis	[42, 94]
SSTR4	Octreotide	MAP kinase pathway, Ca2+-channels, K+-channels, and Na+-H+ antiporter Adenylyl cyclase modulation	Cell cycle arrest	[41]
SSTR5	Octreotide	Guanylate cyclase inhibition and MAP kinase-ERK pathway Adenylyl cyclase modulation	Cell cycle arrest Antineoplastic Apoptosis	[41, 82, 84]