Figure 4.

Illustration showing variations in extracellular matrix (ECMs) of marine macroalgae (brown, red, and green) and differences in their intracellular biological materials. The figures of marine macroalgae ECMs were adopted from the review of Kloareg et al. [89] and redrawn from the work of Deniaud-Bouët and coworkers [90], as well as updated from the following references for brown macroalgae [91–93], red macroalgae [94–96], and green macroalgae [97]. CW Protein (cell wall protein). Created with BioRender.com with publication license.