Table 2.
Comparison of lupus psychosis patients (n = 18) vs without psychosis (n = 691)
| Lupus psychosis (n = 18) | SLE cohort (n = 691) | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at diagnosis SLE (mean±SD) (years) | 25.5 ± 9.7 | 29.1 ± 1.0.4 | 0.222a | |
| Age at diagnosis psychosis (mean±SD) (years) | 26.1 ± 9.4 | NA | NA | |
| Time delay SLE and psychosis (mean±SD) (years) | 0.6 ± 2.9 | NA | NA | |
| Duration of follow-up (mean±SD) (years) | 17.5 ± 11 | 14.1 ± 12.8 | 0.2648a | |
| Gender, F: M, No (%) | Female:Male | 5:1 | 10:1 | NA |
| Female | 15 (83.3%) | 633 (91.6%) | 0.196 | |
| Male | 3 (16.7%) | 58 (8.4%) | ||
| Ethnicity, No (%) | Caucasian | 11 (61.1%) | 415 (60%) | 0.908 |
| Afro-Caribbean | 4 (22.2%) | 152 (22%) | ||
| Asian | 3 (16.7%) | 76 (11%) | ||
| Chinese | 0 | 27 (4%) | ||
| Other | 0 | 21 (3%) | ||
| Other SLE features, No (%) | Arthritis | 17 (94.4%) | 635 (91.9%) | 1.000 |
| Rash (including cutaneous involvement) | 14 (77.8%) | 411 (59.5%) | 0.146 | |
| Vasculitis (e.g. skin, ophthalmic) | 8 (44.4%) | Unknown | NA | |
| Serositis (pleuritis, pericarditis) | 8 (44.4%) | 254 (36.8%) | 0.622 | |
| Other autoimmune-associated disorder (Sjogren's, Raynaud's, Psoriasis) | 8 (44.4%) | 286 (41.3%) | 0.812 | |
| ITP/thrombocytopenia | 4 (22.2%) | Unknown | NA | |
| Photosensitivity | 4 (22.2%) | 251 (36.4%) | 0.320 | |
| Alopecia | 3 (16.7%) | 160 (23.2%) | 0.777 | |
| Lupus nephritis | 3 (16.7%) | 217 (31.4%) | 0.300 | |
| Oral ulcers/mucocutaneous | 3 (16.7%) | 181 (26.2%) | 0.585 | |
| NPSLE features, No (%) | Depression | 11 (61.1%) | Unknown | NA |
| Headache | 6 (33.3%) | Unknown | NA | |
| Seizures | 5 (27.8%) | 123 (17.8%) | 0.167 | |
| Anxiety | 3 (16.7%) | Unknown | NA | |
| Cognitive dysfunction | 2 (11.1%) | Unknown | NA | |
| Hypomania | 2 (11.1%) | Unknown | NA | |
| Visual disorder (e.g. maculopathy, loss of vision) | 2 (11.1%) | Unknown | NA | |
| Serological tests, No (%) | Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) | 17 (94.4%) | 673 (95.0%) | 0.374 |
| Anti-RNP antibodies | 9 (50.0%) | 182 (26.5%) | 0.033 | |
| Low C3 | 9 (50.0%) | 303 (43.8%) | 0.637 | |
| anti-dsDNA antibodies | 8 (44.4%) | 444 (64.2%) | 0.133 | |
| Low Hb | 8 (44.4%) | Unknown | NA | |
| Anti-Ro antibodies | 4 (22.2%) | 248 (36.9%) | 0.320 | |
| Anti-Sm antibodies | 4 (22.2%) | 78 (13.0%) | 0.144 | |
| Anti-cardiolipin (G and M) antibodies | 1 (5.6%) | 196 (30.0%) | 0.032 | |
| Lupus anticoagulant (LAC) | 1 (5.6%) | 82 (14.0%) | 0.710 | |
| Anti-Ribosomal P antibodies | 1 (5.6%) | Unknown | NA | |
| Rheumatoid factor (RF) | 1 (5.6%) | 160 (25.0%) | 0.091 | |
| Low lymphocyte | 1 (5.6%) | 550 (79.6%) | P <0.001 | |
| Anti-La antibodies | 1 (5.6%) | 75 (13.0%) | 0.710 | |
Significance tests completed are Fisher’s exact (categorical) unless stated otherwise. at test. NA, not applicable. Bonferroni correction (P <0.002 denotes statistical significance)