Figure 1.

Graphical summary depicting translocation pathways of TA-proteins in plants. Detailed description of the pathways can be found in the text. ER-destined TA proteins (yellow), peroxisomal TA proteins (blue), mitochondrial TA proteins (red), chloroplastidic TA proteins (green), and dual-targeted TA proteins (mitochondria/peroxisomes, dashed arrow, red-blue TA-protein). Opaqueness generally refers to proposed mechanisms/proteins/complexes which may be involved in TA protein translocation in plants but still require experimental validation.