Table 4.

Top five research priority questions in cross-cutting or health systems area, ranked by research priority score

Research priorities in cross-cutting/health system domain	Research priority score
1. What are safe and cost-effective approaches to provide oxygen to pregnant women, newborns, and children who need oxygen in low- and middle-income countries with limited oxygen supply?	0.93
2. What are the barriers to the provision of essential reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health services during the COVID-19 pandemic? What are proven health system approaches/solutions that countries have adapted or implemented to ensure continuity of essential reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health services during the COVID-19 pandemic?	0.93
3. What are the effective health system adaptations to sustain care-seeking and support or resume high-quality essential services for women, newborns, children, and adolescents in COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 contexts?	0.91
4. To what extent are resources (health workers, oxygen support, infection, and prevention control supplies) being diverted from women, newborns, and children or routine services to provide care for COVID-19 disease?	0.90
5. What different models have countries taken to adapt or modify health services for maternal and newborn health during the COVID-19 pandemic, and what is the effect of the new adapted or modified or redesigned COVID-19 models of care (eg, remote antenatal and postnatal services replacing in-person contact) on access, coverage, quality of care and outcomes of mothers and newborns, especially for marginalized populations?	0.88