Table 3.
Kappa statistics for agreement between assessments by community health workers and physicians in Matiari, Pakistan (n=300)
|
|
Frequency (%)* |
Agreement (%) |
Overall agreement (%) |
Kappa |
SE |
P-value |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| + |
–
|
Adjusted
|
Unadjusted
|
|||||
|
Suspected puerperal sepsis / Other suspected illness/suspected local infection
| ||||||||
|
Clinical signs:
| ||||||||
| High fever: temperature 102.4°F (39.1°C) or higher |
0.7 |
6 |
98 |
97 |
0.94 |
0.30 |
0.05 |
<0.01 |
| Fever: Temperature 100.6°F-102.3°F (38.1°C-39.0°C) |
2.0 |
10 |
96 |
92 |
0.84 |
0.29 |
0.06 |
<0.01 |
|
Symptoms:
| ||||||||
| History of fever |
32 |
83 |
84 |
81 |
0.61 |
0.60 |
0.06 |
<0.01 |
| Lower abdominal or pelvic pain |
27 |
64 |
68 |
65 |
0.30 |
0.31 |
0.05 |
<0.01 |
| Abnormal or foul-smelling discharge |
11 |
100 |
86 |
78 |
0.56 |
0.36 |
0.06 |
<0.01 |
|
Other conditions
| ||||||||
|
Clinical signs:
| ||||||||
| Fever only: temperature 100.6°F-102.3°F (38.1°C-39.0°C) |
0.3 |
– |
– |
100 |
– |
0.00 |
0.06 |
0.52 |
|
Symptoms:
| ||||||||
| Severe vaginal bleeding |
1.0 |
60 |
93 |
87 |
0.75 |
0.11 |
0.04 |
<0.01 |
| Severe headache and blurred vision |
35 |
76 |
69 |
69 |
0.38 |
0.38 |
0.06 |
<0.01 |
| Leaking urine and/or stool |
0.7 |
– |
– |
99 |
– |
0.00 |
– |
– |
| Convulsions or unconscious |
0.0 |
– |
– |
99 |
– |
-0.01 |
0.05 |
0.53 |
| Lower abdominal pain (without fever) |
7.3 |
54 |
87 |
78 |
0.57 |
0.28 |
0.06 |
<0.01 |
| History of fever only |
32 |
76 |
84 |
78 |
0.57 |
0.55 |
0.06 |
<0.01 |
| Abnormal or foul-smelling vaginal discharge (without fever) |
1.7 |
34 |
93 |
87 |
0.75 |
0.14 |
0.06 |
<0.01 |
| Burning on micturition |
5.3 |
41 |
94 |
89 |
0.77 |
0.42 |
0.06 |
<0.01 |
| Cough or difficulty breathing |
12 |
100 |
87 |
80 |
0.61 |
0.43 |
0.06 |
<0.01 |
| Pus or pain from tear, c- section or episiotomy wound |
4.3 |
30 |
97 |
94 |
0.87 |
0.54 |
0.06 |
<0.01 |
| Swollen, red, or painful breast | 2.3 | 22 | 91 | 85 | 0.69 | 0.17 | 0.05 | <0.01 |
SE – standard error
*Physician and community health worker assessed as positive.