Table 4.
Kappa statistics for agreement between assessments by community health workers and physicians in Karachi, Pakistan (n = 300)
|
|
Frequency (5)* |
Agreement (%) |
Overall agreement (%) |
Kappa |
SE |
P-value |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
+
|
–
|
Adjusted
|
Unadjusted
|
|||||
|
Suspected puerperal sepsis / Other suspected illness / Suspected local infection
| ||||||||
|
Clinical signs:
| ||||||||
| High fever: temperature 102.4°F (39.1°C) or higher |
0.7 |
100 |
100 |
99 |
0.97 |
0.00 |
– |
– |
| Fever: Temperature 100.6°F-102.3°F (38.1°C–39.0°C) |
0.7 |
44 |
99 |
98 |
0.97 |
0.44 |
0.05 |
<0.01 |
|
Symptoms:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| History of fever |
29 |
76 |
85 |
81 |
0.63 |
0.61 |
0.06 |
<0.01 |
| Lower abdominal or pelvic pain |
38 |
69 |
63 |
66 |
0.33 |
0.32 |
0.06 |
<0.01 |
| Abnormal or foul-smelling discharge |
6.3 |
46 |
91 |
85 |
0.70 |
0.37 |
0.06 |
<0.01 |
|
Other conditions
| ||||||||
|
Clinical signs:
| ||||||||
| Fever only [temperature 100.6°F-102.3°F (38.1°C-39.0°C)] |
0.0 |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
– |
|
Symptoms:
| ||||||||
| Severe vaginal bleeding |
0.7 |
15 |
96 |
92 |
0.85 |
0.11 |
0.06 |
0.03 |
| Severe headache and blurred vision |
14 |
45 |
76 |
66 |
0.32 |
0.25 |
0.05 |
0.00 |
| Leaking urine and/or stool |
0.7 |
100 |
100 |
99 |
0.97 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
– |
| Convulsions or unconscious |
0.3 |
33 |
99 |
99 |
0.97 |
0.33 |
0.04 |
<0.01 |
| Lower abdominal pain (without fever) |
12 |
49 |
83 |
75 |
0.50 |
0.33 |
0.06 |
<0.01 |
| History of fever only |
29 |
76 |
85 |
81 |
0.63 |
0.61 |
0.06 |
<0.01 |
| Abnormal or foul-smelling vaginal discharge (without fever) |
1.0 |
21 |
96 |
92 |
0.85 |
0.17 |
0.06 |
<0.01 |
| Burning on micturition |
11 |
57 |
90 |
84 |
0.68 |
0.48 |
0.06 |
<0.01 |
| Cough or difficulty breathing |
0.7 |
8 |
90 |
84 |
0.80 |
0.42 |
0.06 |
<0.01 |
| Pus or pain from tear, c- section or episiotomy wound |
8.3 |
54 |
92 |
86 |
0.72 |
0.47 |
0.06 |
<0.01 |
| Swollen, red, or painful breast | 11 | 53 | 88 | 80 | 0.61 | 0.41 | 0.06 | <0.01 |
SE – standard error
*Physician and community health worker assessed as positive.