Table 2.
Factors associated with vaccine intent among patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in a single academic center in Appalachian WV (February to May 2021, N= 306).
| Factors | Variables | Categories | Do Not Intend | Received/Intend | OR (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 306 | 104 (33.99) | 202 (66.01) | |||
| Socio-demographic | Age | < 50 | 65 (62.5) | 80 (39.6) | 2.54 (1.56, 4.14) | <0.0001 |
| 50 | 39 (37.5) | 122 (60.4) | - | |||
| Mean (SD) | 45.90 (13.58) | 52.62 (12.99) | <0.0001 | |||
| Education | High School | 43 (42.57) | 62 (31.31) | 1.63 (0.99, 2.67) | 0.0537 | |
| > High School | 58 (57.43) | 136 (68.69) | - | |||
| Sex | Female | 88 (84.62) | 149 (73.76) | 1.96 (1.05, 3.63) | 0.0314 | |
| Male | 16 (15.38) | 53 (26.24) | - | |||
| Geographic location1 | Rural | 61 (60.4) | 90 (45.45) | 1.83 (1.12, 2.98) | 0.0145 | |
| Urban | 40 (39.6) | 108 (54.55) | - | |||
| MS related | Use of DMT2 | No | 24 (23.3) | 39 (19.8) | 0.95 (0.4, 2.25) | 0.9012 |
| New | 66 (64.08) | 138 (70.05) | 0.74 (0.35, 1.57) | 0.4272 | ||
| Old | 13 (12.62) | 20 (10.15) | - | |||
| Perception of current MS condition3 | Not good | 52 (50) | 106 (53) | 0.89 (0.55, 1.42) | 0.6194 | |
| Good | 52 (50) | 94 (47) | - | |||
| Concerned about vaccine causing MS relapse | Yes | 67 (65.05) | 55 (27.36) | 4.94 (2.97, 8.23) | <0.0001 | |
| No | 36 (34.95) | 146 (72.46) | - | |||
| Concerned about vaccine making MS medication ineffective | Yes | 54 (53.47) | 43 (22.05) | 4.06 (2.42, 6.81) | <0.0001 | |
| No | 47 (46.53) | 152 (77.95) | - | |||
| Concerned about MS medicine making the vaccine ineffective |
Yes | 38 (38.38) | 55 (28.06) | 1.6 (0.96, 2.66) | 0.0716 | |
| No | 61 (61.62) | 141 (71.94) | - | |||
| Perceived risk of getting COVID-19 infection | High | 35 (33.98) | 45 (22.5) | 1.77 (1.05, 3) | 0.0318 | |
| Low | 68 (66.02) | 155 (77.5) | - | |||
| Anticipated reasons/concerns | Concerned about how well COVID-19 vaccine works | Yes | 63 (52.5) | 39 (21.67) | 4 (2.41, 6.62) | <0.0001 |
| No | 57 (47.5) | 141 (78.33) | - | |||
| Concerned about vaccine causing other diseases | Yes | 77 (75.49) | 61 (30.2) | 7.12 (4.14, 12.24) | <0.0001 | |
| No | 25 (24.51) | 141 (69.8) | - | |||
| Concerned about vaccine approved fast | Yes | 88 (85.44) | 79 (39.7) | 8.91 (4.81, 16.51) | <0.0001 | |
| No | 15 (14.56) | 120 (60.3) | - | |||
| Concerned about vaccine ingredients | Yes | 67 (65.69) | 46 (23.23) | 6.33 (3.74, 10.7) | <0.0001 | |
| No | 35 (34.31) | 152 (76.77) | - | |||
| Concerned about vaccine safety | Yes | 66 (64.08) | 39 (20) | 7.14 (4.18, 12.17) | <0.0001 | |
| No | 37 (35.92) | 156 (80) | - | |||
| Concerned about side-effects of the vaccine | Yes | 74 (71.15) | 38 (19.1) | 10.45 (6.02, 18.15) | <0.0001 | |
| No | 30 (28.85) | 161 (80.9) | - | |||
| Others | Received the flu vaccine in the past year | No | 69 (66.35) | 66 (33) | 4 (2.42, 6.61) | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 35 (33.65) | 134 (67) | - | |||
| Had adverse experience with vaccine in the past | Yes | 23 (22.33) | 22 (11) | 2.33 (1.23, 4.42) | 0.0086 | |
| No | 80 (77.67) | 178 (89) | - | |||
| Talked to doctor about COVID 19 vaccine | No | 55 (53.4) | 49 (24.5) | 3.53 (2.13, 5.84) | <0.0001 | |
| Yes | 48 (46.6) | 151 (75.5) | - |
1Geographic location was categorized as Rural and Urban using zip code level data using the U.S. Census Bureau rural definition (United States Census Bureau, 2010).
2 Disease Modifying Therapy (DMT)New drugs included: Aubagio (teriflunomide), Cellcept (mofetil), Gilenya (fingolimod), Kesimpta (ofatumumab), Lemtrada (alemtuzumab), Mavenclad (cladribine), Mayzent (siponimod), Ocrevus (ocrelizumab), Rituxan (rituximab), Tecfidera (dimethyl fumarate), Tysabri (natalizumab),Vumerity (diroximel fumarate) Old drugs included: Avonex (interferon beta-1a), Copaxone (glatiramer acetate), Plegridy (peginterferon beta-1a).
3Participants were asked “How well you are doing in terms of MS?” and the response was collected using a 5-point Likert scale and 1–3 points were categorized as ‘not doing well’ and 4–5 points were categorized as ‘doing well’.