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. 2021 Dec 5;16:174. doi: 10.1186/s11671-021-03632-w

Fig. 8.

Fig. 8

Antimicrobial mode of actions of the NSMs. Various NSMs can induce cell death by altering various biological functions, X represents alteration of cell signaling by de-phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in proteins as one of the mechanisms. Reproduced with permission [141]. Copyright 2018, Frontiers in Microbiology